Immune Escape Mechanisms are Plasmodium ’ s Secret Weapons Foiling the Success of Potent and Persistently Efficacious Malaria Vaccines

Farooq, Fouzia; Bergmann‐Leitner, Elke S.

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2015.08.015

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…When Pv AMA-1 polymorphisms were located on the 3D structure, it was found that most were located on the opposite face of the identified cHABPs, suggesting that one face of Pv AMA-1 is more exposed to the immune system than others 60 . It has been reported that different microorganisms hide relevant regions from the immune system while exposing immunodominant (but non-functional) regions under immune pressure, to protect antigen function during invasion 91 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax ligand-receptor interaction: PvAMA-1 domain I contains the minimal regions for specific interaction with CD71+ reticulocytes

Arévalo-Pinzón

Bermúdez

Hernández

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The malarial parasite’s invasion is complex, active and coordinated, involving many low and high affinity interactions with receptors on target cell membrane. Proteomics analysis has described around 40 proteins in P. vivax which could be involved in reticulocyte invasion; few have been studied with the aim of elucidating how many of them establish specific interactions with their respective host cells. Given the importance of knowing which of the parasite’s protein regions are functionally important for invasion, minimum regions mediating specific interaction between Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA-1) and its host cell were here elucidated. The region covering PvAMA-1 domains I and II (PvAMA-DI-II) specifically bound to the CD71+ red blood cell subpopulation. A 20 residue-long region (81EVENAKYRIPAGRCPVFGKG100) located in domain I was capable of inhibiting PvAMA-DI-II recombinant protein binding to young reticulocytes (CD71+CD45−) and rosette formation. This conserved peptide specifically interacted with high affinity with reticulocytes (CD71+) through a neuraminidase- and chymotrypsin-treatment sensitive receptor. Such results showed that, despite AMA-1 having universal functions during late Plasmodium invasion stages, PvAMA-1 had reticulocyte-preferring binding regions, suggesting that P. vivax target cell selection is not just restricted to initial interactions but maintained throughout the erythrocyte invasion cycle, having important implications for designing a specific anti-P. vivax vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax ligand-receptor interaction: PvAMA-1 domain I contains the minimal regions for specific interaction with CD71+ reticulocytes

Arévalo-Pinzón

Bermúdez

Hernández

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Microbes can also induce suppression, blocking [4], impeding [5,6] and many other escape mechanisms [7] rendering new or previously acquired immunity useless.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

TCR-contacting residues orientation and HLA-DRβ* binding preference determine long-lasting protective immunity against malaria

Alba

Suárez

Varela

et al. 2016

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…In spite of available antimalarial drug effectiveness, drug resistance has emerged, which can be attributed to factors such as the individual genetic immune profile, as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, failed monotherapy, among others [17]. Infections produced by resistant parasites lead to the spread of resistance to the next generation.…”

Section: Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Search of a Malaria Vaccine: The Time for Modified Immuno-Potentiating Probes

et al. 2021

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Malaria is a deadly disease that takes the lives of more than 420,000 people a year and is responsible for more than 229 million clinical cases globally. In 2019, 95% of malaria morbidity occurred in African countries. The development of a highly protective vaccine is an urgent task that remains to be solved. Many vaccine candidates have been developed, from the use of the entire attenuated and irradiated pre-erythrocytic parasite forms (or recombinantly expressed antigens thereof) to synthetic candidates formulated in a variety of adjuvants and delivery systems, however these have unfortunately proven a limited efficacy. At present, some vaccine candidates are finishing safety and protective efficacy trials, such as the PfSPZ and the RTS,S/AS01 which are being introduced in Africa. We propose a strategy for introducing non-natural elements into target antigens representing key epitopes of Plasmodium spp. Accordingly, chemical strategies and knowledge of host immunity to Plasmodium spp. have served as the basis. Evidence is obtained after being tested in experimental rodent models for malaria infection and recognized for human sera from malaria-endemic regions. This encourages us to propose such an immune-potentiating strategy to be further considered in the search for new vaccine candidates.

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Immune Escape Mechanisms are Plasmodium ’ s Secret Weapons Foiling the Success of Potent and Persistently Efficacious Malaria Vaccines

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Plasmodium vivax ligand-receptor interaction: PvAMA-1 domain I contains the minimal regions for specific interaction with CD71+ reticulocytes

Plasmodium vivax ligand-receptor interaction: PvAMA-1 domain I contains the minimal regions for specific interaction with CD71+ reticulocytes

TCR-contacting residues orientation and HLA-DRβ* binding preference determine long-lasting protective immunity against malaria

The Search of a Malaria Vaccine: The Time for Modified Immuno-Potentiating Probes

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