Immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in dairy cows vaccinated with STARTVAC^®

Abstract

The immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in vaccinated cows was investigated by measuring lactoferrin (LF), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) concentrations and somatic cell counts in 28 milk samples at the onset of acute coliform mastitis (ACM) and 73 milk samples at the onset of peracute coliform mastitis (PCM). Vaccinated ACM, unvaccinated ACM, and vaccinated PCM showed significantly higher values for LF and IL‐1β levels than unvaccinated PCM (p < .01). The IL‐8 concentration was lower in vaccinated PCM than in unvaccinated PCM (p < .05). There was no significant difference in somatic cell counts for each parameter. There were no significant differences in the parameters between vaccinated and unvaccinated ACM cows, or vaccinated ACM and PCM cows. From the above results, it is suggested that mastitis vaccination improved the early immune response, particularly at the onset of PCM, and played a large role in host defense against the initial infection.

Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges

“…When intramammary infections are not quickly controlled by neutrophils, allowing LPS and lipoproteins to escape into the bloodstream, antibodies in the blood serum must be present to neutralize these potent toxins. Thus, preventing coliform mastitis through vaccination aims to achieve high levels of effective anti-coliform antibodies and antitoxins, both in milk and in the bloodstream, and around the teat canal ( Erskine et al, 2007 ; Wilson et al, 2009 ; Kawai et al, 2020 ). Two mutant strains of bacteria, E. coli O111:B4 (J5) and Salmonella Typhimurium Re-17 have been used in commercial preparations to immunize cows against coliform mastitis ( Erskine, 2012 ; El-Sayed and Kamel, 2021 ).…”

Evaluation of a rapid coliform detection kit from clinical mastitis milk using colloidal gold nanoparticle–based immunochromatographic strips

“…In dairy cows, coliform mastitis caused by E. coli or Klebsiella spp. is generally characterized by an acute or peracute clinical course; thus, prompt action is required when intramammary infection by coliforms is suspected [ 4 , 21 ]. Because the ICS test can be used by dairy farmers, it can lead them to take measures against coliform mastitis, such as frequent milking and cooling of the udder while waiting for the veterinarian to arrive [ 23 ].…”

“…Although there are numerous contagious and environmental mastitis pathogens, coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are prevalent in the bovine environment and are among the most common mastitis-causing pathogens responsible for eliciting obvious clinical symptoms in cows [ 4 , 21 , 22 ]. Most coliforms infections are cleared from the gland with few or only mild clinical signs.…”

Novel Proteoliposome-Based Vaccine against E. coli: A Potential New Tool for the Control of Bovine Mastitis

“…However, traditional cell antigen inactivation techniques, such as formaldehyde treatment, alter the chemical structure of potential antigenic proteins, limiting their processing by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), restricting antigenic presentation to T cells and impairing the generation of memory cells [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. This could partly explain the low efficacy of currently existing vaccines in the prevention of coliform mastitis [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Vaccines based on attenuated pathogens induce a strong cellular and humoral response [ 28 ] but have been associated with adverse side effects, some of them severe and even fatal [ 29 ].…”