Immune response plays a role in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Abstract

IntroductionMycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. However, the specific pathogenesis of the progression of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is unclear. We aimed to reveal the landscape of microbiota and the host immune response in MPP.MethodsThis self-controlled study analyzed the microbiome and transcriptome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the severe side (SD) and opposite side (OD) of 41 children with MPP from January to December 2021 and revealed the differences of the peripheral blood neutrophil function among children with mild MPP, severe MPP, and healthy children through transcriptome sequencing.ResultsThe MP load or the pulmonary microbiota had no significant difference between the SD group and OD group, and the deterioration of MPP was related to the immune response, especially the intrinsic immune response.DiscussionThe immune response plays a role in MPP, which may inform treatment strategies for MPP.

Integrative study of pulmonary microbiome, transcriptome and clinical outcomes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

“…Additionally, we observed increased neutrophils levels in the CMPP group, both in clinical blood sample tests and the deconvolution of bulk RNA sequencing of immune cells in the BALF samples. Transcriptome sequencing of neutrophils from the peripheral blood of children with MPP further confirmed the role of neutrophils, particularly neutrophil extracellular trap formation, in MPP [ 16 ]. Cytokines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of MPP, and cytokine storms are associated with MPP severity [ 31 , 32 ].…”

“…Nucleic acid extraction of BALF samples, library preparation, and sequencing were described in our previous study [ 16 ].…”

“…We performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and transcriptomic analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a cohort study of patients with MPP. One of our previous studies revealed that the lung microbiota in the BALF was not significantly different between the severe and opposite sides [ 16 ]; however, we did not group the children according to the disease severity. In the present study, we investigated the interactions among the three core elements of respiratory infection and their association with disease severity and outcome by analyzing the sequencing results for a better understanding of MPP development and progression.…”

Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Sangju Cough Mixture in the Adjuvant Treatment of Adult Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: A Retrospective Study

“…Furthermore, we observed that patients complicated with pneumonia had more severe symptoms and complications, with a longer negative conversion time of the MP-IgM antibody, which may be attributed to the difficulty in the clearance of MP and impaired immune functions. 33 Williams et al reported that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience complex interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems, possibly inducing lung parenchymal destruction and remodeling, increasing the effector function of CD8 + T-cells, and leading to the onset of other lung diseases. 34 Furthermore, Hanhan et al reported that children with MP infection are more likely to develop acute asthma, particularly those with pulmonary inflammatory lesions on chest X-rays.…”

Azithromycin Effectiveness in Children with Mutated Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

“…Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia in children. 1 Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is thought to be an acute, self-limiting infectious disease; however, it may sometimes cause severe short-term prognosis, such as refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP), and long-term prognosis, such as bronchiolitis obliterans 2 and bronchiectasis. 3 Macrolides are first-line antibiotics for children with MPP.…”