Immune Stimulating Outcome of Chrysin and γ-Irradiation via Apoptotic Activation Against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Bearing Mice

Abstract

The rising interest in innovative methods of cancer immunotherapy has prompted research into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of natural and synthetic substances. The goal of this study was to assess chrysin immune-stimulating and pro-apoptotic effects on tumor growth and cell susceptibility to ionizing radiation in order to improve cancer therapy. Chrysin (20 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole body exposed to 1 Gy of gamma radiation (2 fractionated dose 0.5 Gy each). Treatment with chrysin dramatically reduces tumor proliferation in EAC mice; furthermore, IFN-γ activity is significantly reduced when compared to EAC mice. When compared to EAC mice, the expression of TNF-α, free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were considerably reduced, along with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity). Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by chrysin even in the EAC mice group or the EAC + R group. What is more, exposure to gamma radiation sustained the modulatory effect of chrysin on tumor when compared with EAC + Ch mice. Hence, chrysin might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumor.

Pomegranate Peel Extract Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK, JAK/STAT3, β-Catenin/NOTCH, and SOCS3 Signaling

“… 7 Radiation exposure results in several malignant cells going through apoptosis. 7 , 48 , 49 Despite the fact that radiosensitization of malignant cells has been shown to be an effective candidate for cancer eradication, it is also crucial to lessen the damaging effects of RT on the normal tissues that surround cancerous tissue. Thus, for even radioresistant liver tumors, implementing drug/RT regimens could enable enhanced tumor control.…”

An outlook on the target‐based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators

“…It reduced TNF-α, NO, IFN-γ, and tumor proliferation (El Bakary et al, 2022). Increased whole blood TCD4+, TCD8+, NK cells DTH responses, total IgG, IgM production, T-bet expression, and IFN-γ (Zeinali et al, 2022).…”

“…Chrysin showed modulating activity by reducing oxidative stress, TLR4/NF‐κβ/HSP70, and regulating CD4+ in diabetic rats (Salama et al, 2022). It reduced TNF‐α, NO, IFN‐γ, and tumor proliferation (El Bakary et al, 2022). Increased whole blood TCD4+, TCD8+, NK cells DTH responses, total IgG, IgM production, T‐bet expression, and IFN‐γ (Zeinali et al, 2022).…”

Lead Optimization of BIBR1591 To Improve Its Telomerase Inhibitory Activity: Design and Synthesis of Novel Four Chemical Series with In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Preclinical Assessments

“…injection, and the cells were diluted with sterile saline solution. To induce the development of Ehrlich solid tumor in the thigh, 0.2 mL of EAC cells (2.5 × 10 6 cells per mouse) were inoculated subcutaneously into the right thigh of female mice, specifically in the lower limb …”

“…To induce the development of Ehrlich solid tumor in the thigh, 0.2 mL of EAC cells (2.5 × 10 6 cells per mouse) were inoculated subcutaneously into the right thigh of female mice, specifically in the lower limb. 73 When the solid tumor reached size 100 mm 3 on the seventh day after tumor inoculation, the treatment started and the volume of the solid tumor was evaluated for tumor growth using a vernier caliper on the 5th, 10th, and 14th days of treatment during the experimental period for 2 weeks The volume was calculated using the formula: (A × B 2 × 0.5), where A stand for the longest diameter of the tumor and B stand for its shortest perpendicular diameter. 74 The study received approval from the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (REC1623/2023).…”