Immunity in Lepidopteran Insects

Jiang, Haobo; Vilcinskas, Andreas; Kanost, Michael R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_10

Cited by 273 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…The addition of phenylthiocarbamide (Sigma-Aldrich), a potent inhibitor of PO (Ryazanova et al, 2012), prevented a change in absorbance of the reaction mixture, suggesting that the action of CPC was specific for prophenoloxidase. In addition, no change in absorbance was measured when hemolymph was excluded from the well, indicating that the observed activation was not an artifact of CPC A simplified schematic of the Manduca sexta immune system (see Jiang, 2008;Jiang et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2011;Christen et al, 2012;Chevignon et al, 2015) featuring the immune components assessed in this study. alone.…”

Section: Immune Assaysmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reconfiguration of the immune system network during food limitation in the caterpillarManduca sexta

Adamo

Davies

Easy

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Dwindling resources might be expected to induce a gradual decline in immune function. However, food limitation has complex and seemingly paradoxical effects on the immune system. Examining these changes from an immune system network perspective may help illuminate the purpose of these fluctuations. We found that food limitation lowered long-term (i.e. lipid) and short-term (i.e. sugars) energy stores in the caterpillar Manduca sexta. Food limitation also: altered immune gene expression, changed the activity of key immune enzymes, depressed the concentration of a major antioxidant (glutathione), reduced resistance to oxidative stress, reduced resistance to bacteria (Grampositive and -negative bacteria) but appeared to have less effect on resistance to a fungus. These results provide evidence that food limitation led to a restructuring of the immune system network. In severely food-limited caterpillars, some immune functions were enhanced. As resources dwindled within the caterpillar, the immune response shifted its emphasis away from inducible immune defenses (i.e. those responses that are activated during an immune challenge) and increased emphasis on constitutive defenses (i.e. immune components that are produced consistently). We also found changes suggesting that the activation threshold for some immune responses (e.g. phenoloxidase) was lowered. Changes in the configuration of the immune system network will lead to different immunological strengths and vulnerabilities for the organism.

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Section: Immune Assaysmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reconfiguration of the immune system network during food limitation in the caterpillarManduca sexta

Adamo

Davies

Easy

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…29,30 However, despite the above mentioned advantages of G. mellonella as an alternative model host, its application in exploring host-pathogen interactions was biased by the lack of genomic data. 31 Addressing this impediment, the immunity-related transcriptome of this lepidopteran has recently been subjected to next generation sequencing combined with traditional Sanger sequencing to generate a comprehensive immune-gene repertoire. 32 The latter has been used to design microarrays that can be provided for researchers who are interested to analyze gene expression in response to challenge with human pathogens.…”

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Insects emerge as valuable model hosts to explore virulence

Vilcinskas¹

2011

Virulence

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“…3.2.1.17) is one of the antimicrobial proteins with which insects respond to bacterial challenge (Jiang et al, 2011). Lysozymes are of several classes (Callewaert & Michiels, 2010) and have a muramidase activity, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Mohamed¹,

Elmogy²,

Dorrah³

et al. 2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The ability of biocontrol agents to overcome the immune defense of pests is a crucial issue. This is the first study of lysozyme activity as an inducible humoral component of the defense of Schistocerca gregaria, which depends on the recognition of the elicitor molecules of pathogens and not on epidermal wounding or a spiking effect. The level of lysozyme activity in fat body, haemocytes and haemolymph plasma of naïve and immunologically challenged 5 th instar S. gregaria was evaluated using the zone of inhibition test against Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as peptidoglycans (PGN) and lipopolysacchrides (LPS) of bacterial cell walls induce and increase in the level of lysozyme activity. Escherichia coli induced an increase in the level of activity of lysozyme in the fat body, haemocytes and plasma, but not in mid gut epithelium, 6-12 h after an immunological challenge and then it decreased to the constitutive level after 72 h. This study revealed that in S. gregaria there is a constitutive and a bacteria-inducible level of lysozyme activity, which protects it against infection by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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Immunity in Lepidopteran Insects

Cited by 273 publications

References 248 publications

Reconfiguration of the immune system network during food limitation in the caterpillarManduca sexta

Reconfiguration of the immune system network during food limitation in the caterpillarManduca sexta

Insects emerge as valuable model hosts to explore virulence

Antibacterial activity of lysozyme in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

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