2018
DOI: 10.1159/000488690
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Immunodysfunction in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Abstract: Background: Increasing evidence reveals a close and reciprocal link between acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and immunodysfunction. Methods: A literature search in PubMed and abstract databases of relevant congresses was performed. Results: Important characteristics of liver cirrhosis like tissue hypoxia, cell death, or bacterial translocation maintain a state of chronic inflammation. Precipitating events of ACLF such as infections or alcoholic hepatitis are capable of strongly augmenting cirrhosis-associ… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Last but not least, clinical investigations, which clearly identified white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) as independent predictors of in-hospital survival, add great evidence to the prognosis-relevant role of SI [64,65]. More information on 'immune dysregulation' is given by Lange and Moreau [66] in this focus issue of Visceral Medicine.…”
Section: Immune Dysfunctionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Last but not least, clinical investigations, which clearly identified white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) as independent predictors of in-hospital survival, add great evidence to the prognosis-relevant role of SI [64,65]. More information on 'immune dysregulation' is given by Lange and Moreau [66] in this focus issue of Visceral Medicine.…”
Section: Immune Dysfunctionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, immune deficiency generally contributes to increased susceptibility to microbial infections, frequently leading to patient death 4 . Alternatively, patients with compensated liver cirrhosis can suffer from acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is initiated by various triggering events 5 . The onset of ACLF is related to CAID, during which imbalanced immunity perplexingly causes both hyperinflammation and immune paralysis, leading to dysregulated inflammatory injury during the triggering phase and failed immune defenses during the regenerative phase 5 , 6 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alternatively, patients with compensated liver cirrhosis can suffer from acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is initiated by various triggering events 5 . The onset of ACLF is related to CAID, during which imbalanced immunity perplexingly causes both hyperinflammation and immune paralysis, leading to dysregulated inflammatory injury during the triggering phase and failed immune defenses during the regenerative phase 5 , 6 . In addition, cirrhotic patients respond poorly to vaccination, rendering them the most vulnerable population to preventable infectious diseases, such as influenza 7 and viral hepatitis 8 , 9 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Die Kombination aus beatmungspflichtigem ARDS, katecholaminpflichtigem Kreislaufversagen und Nierenversagen wurde auch als letale Trias der Transplantation bezeichnet [16]. Die meisten Patienten, die in der genannten Arbeit [15] mit Komplikationen einer Zirrhose auf die Intensivstation aufgenommen wurden, waren aus verschiedensten Gründen keine geeigneten Transplantationskandidaten und letztlich wurden nur 3 % der Patienten während des Intensivaufenthaltes evaluiert und transplantiert.…”
Section: Merkeunclassified