Immunoglobulin superfamily is conserved but evolved rapidly and is active in the silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

Huang, Lulin; Cheng, Tingcai; Xu, Peng; Duan, Jun; Fang, Ting; Xia, Qing

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00896.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Lrig1 (A006920), a leucine-rich repeat immunoglobulin involved in the pathogen response, was also upregulated at 24 hpi [86]. However, two dscam genes (dscam2 and dscam5), known to be involved in cell adherence, were shown to be downregulated in this study [87], [88].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

A Genome-Wide Survey for Host Response of Silkworm, Bombyx mori during Pathogen Bacillus bombyseptieus Infection

et al. 2009

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Host-pathogen interactions are complex relationships, and a central challenge is to reveal the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. Bacillus bombysepticus (Bb) which can produces spores and parasporal crystals was firstly separated from the corpses of the infected silkworms (Bombyx mori). Bb naturally infects the silkworm can cause an acute fuliginosa septicaemia and kill the silkworm larvae generally within one day in the hot and humid season. Bb pathogen of the silkworm can be used for investigating the host responses after the infection. Gene expression profiling during four time-points of silkworm whole larvae after Bb infection was performed to gain insight into the mechanism of Bb-associated host whole body effect. Genome-wide survey of the host genes demonstrated many genes and pathways modulated after the infection. GO analysis of the induced genes indicated that their functions could be divided into 14 categories. KEGG pathway analysis identified that six types of basal metabolic pathway were regulated, including genetic information processing and transcription, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. Similar to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Bb can also induce a silkworm poisoning-related response. In this process, genes encoding midgut peritrophic membrane proteins, aminopeptidase N receptors and sodium/calcium exchange protein showed modulation. For the first time, we found that Bb induced a lot of genes involved in juvenile hormone synthesis and metabolism pathway upregulated. Bb also triggered the host immune responses, including cellular immune response and serine protease cascade melanization response. Real time PCR analysis showed that Bb can induce the silkworm systemic immune response, mainly by the Toll pathway. Anti-microorganism peptides (AMPs), including of Attacin, Lebocin, Enbocin, Gloverin and Moricin families, were upregulated at 24 hours post the infection.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

A Genome-Wide Survey for Host Response of Silkworm, Bombyx mori during Pathogen Bacillus bombyseptieus Infection

et al. 2009

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“…It has been suggested that the induced lysozymes disturb the formation of the spore wall. Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are known for their ability to specifically recognize and adhere to cells [67]. Four immunoglobulin encoding genes, IG2 (sw02946), IG6 (sw20465), IG8 (sw09094) and IG9 (sw01099), were induced, and three were up-regulated, suggesting a function for binding to the spores and neutralizing harmful effects [68].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) to Infection by the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis

Pan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Microsporidia have attracted much attention because they infect a variety of species ranging from protists to mammals, including immunocompromised patients with AIDS or cancer. Aside from the study on Nosema ceranae, few works have focused on elucidating the mechanism in host response to microsporidia infection. Nosema bombycis is a pathogen of silkworm pébrine that causes great economic losses to the silkworm industry. Detailed understanding of the host (Bombyx mori) response to infection by N. bombycis is helpful for prevention of this disease. A genome-wide survey of the gene expression profile at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days post-infection by N. bombycis was performed and results showed that 64, 244, 1,328, 1,887 genes were induced, respectively. Up to 124 genes, which are involved in basal metabolism pathways, were modulated. Notably, B. mori genes that play a role in juvenile hormone synthesis and metabolism pathways were induced, suggesting that the host may accumulate JH as a response to infection. Interestingly, N. bombycis can inhibit the silkworm serine protease cascade melanization pathway in hemolymph, which may be due to the secretion of serpins in the microsporidia. N. bombycis also induced up-regulation of several cellular immune factors, in which CTL11 has been suggested to be involved in both spore recognition and immune signal transduction. Microarray and real-time PCR analysis indicated the activation of silkworm Toll and JAK/STAT pathways. The notable up-regulation of antimicrobial peptides, including gloverins, lebocins and moricins, strongly indicated that antimicrobial peptide defense mechanisms were triggered to resist the invasive microsporidia. An analysis of N. bombycis-specific response factors suggested their important roles in anti-microsporidia defense. Overall, this study primarily provides insight into the potential molecular mechanisms for the host-parasite interaction between B. mori and N. bombycis and may provide a foundation for further work on host-parasite interaction between insects and microsporidia.

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“…About 125 g of artificial food and 50 mL of concentrated bacterial solution (OD 600 ≈ 100) were thoroughly mixed in a beaker, cut into fine grains and fed to the silkworms. The midgut, integument and hemolymph from five individuals were anatomized at 24 h after infection (Huang et al ., 2009b; Huang et al ., 2009a) and stored at –80°C until required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of the immune response of the silkworm infected by Escherichia coli and Bacillus bombyseptieus

et al. 2012

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The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an economically important insect with a 5 000‐year history of domestication. During evolution, the silkworm has developed highly effective defenses against invasion and parasitization by microorganisms. In this study, two microorganisms Escherichia coli and Bacillus bombyseptieus were orally infected to silkworm larvae. After infection with E. coli and B. bombyseptieus for 24 h, we investigated the polypeptide changes in the hemolymph, midgut and integument using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Forty‐seven differentially expressed proteins were identified in these tissues. They belonged to a variety of functional classes, including immune proteins, metabolic proteins and structural proteins. Compared with controls, E. coli‐infected silkworms showed 21 up‐regulated proteins, 25 down‐regulated proteins and lost one protein. After infection with B. bombyseptieus, silkworms showed 15 up‐regulated proteins, 27 down‐regulated proteins, lost three proteins and retained two proteins unchanged. We speculate that all these proteins may play a role in the silkworm immune response, although it is unclear why and how the two kinds of bacteria can so markedly alter expression of these proteins. These results offer valuable insights for measuring the proteomic responses of the silkworm innate immune mechanism.

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Immunoglobulin superfamily is conserved but evolved rapidly and is active in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

A Genome-Wide Survey for Host Response of Silkworm, Bombyx mori during Pathogen Bacillus bombyseptieus Infection

A Genome-Wide Survey for Host Response of Silkworm, Bombyx mori during Pathogen Bacillus bombyseptieus Infection

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) to Infection by the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis

Proteomic analysis of the immune response of the silkworm infected by Escherichia coli and Bacillus bombyseptieus

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