Immunoglobulin Transport and Immunoglobulin Receptors

Baker, Kristi; Blumberg, Richard S.; Kaetzel, Charlotte S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00019-7

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 642 publications

(681 reference statements)

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“…The most primitive form of pIgR found in teleost fish contains only 2 extracellular domains, homologous to domains 1 and 5 of mammalian pIgR. Interspecies homology is greatest in domain 1, which has been shown to be critical for binding of mammalian pIgR to polymeric Igs (reviewed in [111]). Highly conserved internal disulfide bonds are found in all the Iglike domains of pIgR, characteristic of the immunoglobulin fold.…”

Section: Coevolution Of Pigr and Mucosal Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pIgR is expressed on the surface of glandular and mucosal epithelial binds, where it binds selectively to polymeric Ig (pIg) and mediates its transport across epithelial cells into external secretions (reviewed in [17,111,112] our knowledge of pIgR-mediated transcytosis of mucosal Igs is derived from studies of mammalian secretory IgA (SIgA), as illustrated in Figure 4. Transcription of the PIGR gene and translation of pIgR mRNA is accompanied by insertion of the nascent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: Unique Biological Functions Of Pigrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The [110,111]). FcRn is homologous in structure to major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules, comprising a ligand-binding alpha chain associated with soluble 2-microglobulin ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Evolution Of Cellular Receptors For Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding of an SC-like polypeptide associated with polymeric IgT in rainbow trout [38], polymeric IgX in Xenopus [50], and polymeric IgA in birds [114] suggests that all vertebrate pIgRs share the function of transporting polymeric Igs into external secretions. In many mammalian species, pIgR mediates epithelial transcytosis of both polymeric IgM and IgA (reviewed in [111]). Although direct evidence is not yet available, it is reasonable to assume that pIgR transports IgM in lower vertebrates.…”

Section: Unique Biological Functions Of Pigrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteolytic cleavage of pIgR within this domain leads to the release of SC from the apical surface of epithelial cells, either free or bound to polymeric Ig. The cytoplasmic domain of mammalian pIgR contains a number of intracellular sorting motifs that interact with cytoplasmic proteins to direct pIgR through the transcytotic pathway (reviewed in [111]). These motifs are reasonably well conserved in pIgR from birds and reptiles, but not in pIgR from amphibians and fish, suggesting that complex mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of pIgR coevolved with the increasing complexity of the mucosal immune system.…”

Section: Coevolution Of Pigr and Mucosal Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coevolution of Mucosal Immunoglobulins and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor: Evidence That the Commensal Microbiota Provided the Driving Force

Kaetzel

2014

ISRN Immunology

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Immunoglobulins (Igs) in mucosal secretions contribute to immune homeostasis by limiting access of microbial and environmental antigens to the body proper, maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier and shaping the composition of the commensal microbiota. The emergence of IgM in cartilaginous fish represented the primordial mucosal Ig, which is expressed in all higher vertebrates. Expansion and diversification of the mucosal Ig repertoire led to the emergence of IgT in bony fishes, IgX in amphibians, and IgA in reptiles, birds, and mammals. Parallel evolution of cellular receptors for the constant (Fc) regions of Igs provided mechanisms for their transport and immune effector functions. The most ancient of these Fc receptors is the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), which first appeared in an ancestor of bony fishes. The pIgR transports polymeric IgM, IgT, IgX, and IgA across epithelial cells into external secretions. Diversification and refinement of the structure of mucosal Igs during tetrapod evolution were paralleled by structural changes in pIgR, culminating in the multifunctional secretory IgA complex in mammals. In this paper, evidence is presented that the mutualistic relationship between the commensal microbiota and the vertebrate host provided the driving force for coevolution of mucosal Igs and pIgR.

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Section: Coevolution Of Pigr and Mucosal Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unique Biological Functions Of Pigrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of Cellular Receptors For Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unique Biological Functions Of Pigrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coevolution Of Pigr and Mucosal Igsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coevolution of Mucosal Immunoglobulins and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor: Evidence That the Commensal Microbiota Provided the Driving Force

Kaetzel

2014

ISRN Immunology

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Mucosal Surfaces: Immunological Protection

Wohlfert

Russell

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The mucosal surfaces of the body are protected against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the mucosal immune system. This is functionally separate from the circulatory immune system, and represents by far the largest part of the entire immune system. Components include innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Specific T and B cells induced by antigens in the major immune inductive sites located in the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract are programmed to relocate in remote mucosal effector sites where secretory IgA antibodies and effector T cells are generated. Regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells and cytokines maintain a hypo‐responsive, non‐inflammatory state that prevents over‐reaction to the large mass of antigenic material consisting of food and other environmental antigens as well as the commensal microbiota. However, the mucosal immune system can respond vigorously with localised and disseminated responses when stimulated by aggressive pathogens. Key Concepts The mucosal immune system protects the large surface areas of the oro‐gastrointestinal, respiratory and genital tracts, the conjunctivae, their associated glands and the mammary glands. The mucosal immune system discriminates between pathogens that elicit a vigorous response, commensals that are regulated but not eliminated and harmless antigens such as food components that are tolerated. Innate components of mucosal immunity include physicochemical barriers such as mucus and low pH, and an array of antimicrobial molecules and cells that defend the mucosae against pathogenic attack and initiate recognition by the adaptive immune system. Adaptive components of mucosal immunity include locally produced secretory IgA antibodies, and both effector and regulatory T cells. Mucosal immune inductive sites such as intestinal Peyer's patches and other mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues take up luminal antigens and disseminate induced, antigen‐specific T and B cells to remote effector sites in the ‘common’ mucosal immune system. Dendritic cells and other antigen‐presenting cells are located within the mucosal immune inductive sites and in the lamina propria underlying the epithelium. Mucosal trafficking of antigen‐induced T and B cells is determined by a set of vascular addressins, mucosal chemokines and receptors imprinted on lymphocytes during their induction. Mucosal epithelial cells have an integral role in antigen recognition and uptake, interaction with the cells of the immune system and delivery of the cells and molecules involved in immune defence. Innate defence cells including mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils are recruited to the mucosae, and display phenotypic profiles distinct from equivalent cells in systemic locations or the circulation.

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Mucosal Immunity in Sexually Transmitted Infections

Městecký

Russell

2018

Diagnostics to Pathogenomics of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Immunoglobulin Transport and Immunoglobulin Receptors

Cited by 17 publications

References 642 publications

Coevolution of Mucosal Immunoglobulins and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor: Evidence That the Commensal Microbiota Provided the Driving Force

Coevolution of Mucosal Immunoglobulins and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor: Evidence That the Commensal Microbiota Provided the Driving Force

Mucosal Surfaces: Immunological Protection

Mucosal Immunity in Sexually Transmitted Infections

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