Immunoglobulin λ genes

Selsing, Erik; Daitch, L E

doi:10.1016/b978-012053640-5/50012-4

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Indeed, the plasma level and the repertoire seem to correlate. In the mouse, where the k locus displays a very limited repertoire, the plasma levels of the k chain is also very low, at only 5% of the total of light chains in plasma [2,12]. In contrast, the j chain displays a high degree of diversity and this light chain isotype is also the dominating plasma light chain isotype [2,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only the first three and the seventh of the Ck genes are functional, while the other three are nonfunctional pseudogenes [11,12,29,30]. In at least one aspect, the organization of the platypus locus seems to differ from that of its human counterpart in that the platypus appears to have three or four J segments positioned in front of one of the C region gene segments (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only documented exception to this rule is the rabbit, which seems to have two Cj genes [9,10]. In contrast, the k locus usually consists of multiple V regions followed by several C region gene segments, where one or several J segments are positioned in front of each C region [11,12]. The exact evolutionary timing of the appearance of this pattern is not known, but this organization may have appeared before the emergence of tetrapods, as two Ck regions have been identified in the clawed frog Xenopus laevis [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

Johansson¹,

Salazar²,

Aveskogh³

et al. 2005

Eur J Immunol

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Based on the analysis of a panel of variable (V) region sequences from the Australian duck-billed platypus and the Australian short beaked echidna, the monotremes were found to express a highly diversified Vk repertoire. High variability was observed both in sequence and in length of all three CDR regions. However, all monotreme sequences were found to form a separate branch on a distance tree, and the monotremes appear to express only two Vk gene families. The appearance of all Vk gene segments in one branch on the distance tree gives further support for the notion that deletions of entire V region clans or families, followed by successive rounds of gene duplications may be a relatively common phenomenon during vertebrate evolution. Four different constant region sequences were also identified and a preferential use of certain J segments to each constant region was observed. A more detailed picture of the locus was obtained by analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blot and PCR. The organization of the lambda locus involves multiple V and several constant region genes with one or several joining segments positioned upstream of each constant region, similar to the organization in mouse and man. An mRNA frequency analysis shows that the k light chain accounts for more than 90% of the light chain transcripts in the spleen. The abundance and the high variability indicate that light chain diversity at the k locus contributes significantly to the antigen-binding repertoire in monotremes. A high k to j light chain ratio also indicates that variability in the CDR regions is more important for the repertoire size than the total number of V gene families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

Johansson¹,

Salazar²,

Aveskogh³

et al. 2005

Eur J Immunol

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“…RS lies 25 kb downstream of Ck, carries a canonical Ig gene recombination signal, and rearranges by V(D)J recombination to Vk elements and to sites in the Jk-Ck intron (reviewed by Selsing and Daitch, 1995). RS recombination results in deletion of the Ck exon and silencing of the Igk locus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearrangement of Mouse Immunoglobulin Kappa Deleting Element Recombining Sequence Promotes Immune Tolerance and Lambda B Cell Production

et al. 2008

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The recombining sequence (RS) of mouse and its human equivalent, the immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa deleting element (IGKDE), are sequences found at the 3' end of the Ig kappa locus (Igk) that rearrange to inactivate Igk in developing B cells. RS recombination correlates with Ig lambda (Iglambda) light (L) chain expression and likely plays a role in receptor editing by eliminating Igk genes encoding autoantibodies. A mouse strain was generated in which the recombination signal of RS was removed, blocking RS-mediated Igk inactivation. In RS mutant mice, receptor editing and self-tolerance were impaired, in some cases leading to autoantibody formation. Surprisingly, mutant mice also made fewer B cells expressing lambda chain, whereas lambda versus kappa isotype exclusion was only modestly affected. These results provide insight into the mechanism of L chain isotype exclusion and indicate that RS has a physiological role in promoting the formation of lambda L chain-expressing B cells.

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“…Most -secreting hybrids (76%) had detectable new V J rearrangements that displaced or deleted the 3-83KI gene (37͞49), and an additional 18% of hybrids (6͞38) lacked detectable rearrangements, probably because they had deleted the 3-83 gene and their active V J genes failed to be amplified with the V primer used. -secreting hybridomas were analyzed by PCRs designed to detect recombining sequence (RS) rearrangements (25,26), which demonstrated that Ϸ2͞3 of the -producing hybridomas had deleted their targeted allele by V(D)J-mediated RS recombination (Table 2). Taken together, these data, along with earlier studies (21), suggest that the 3-83KI B cells did not efficiently suppress new L-chain gene rearrangements or expression, leading to extensive receptor editing in either the presence or absence of nominal antigen, but in a small subset of H-2 d 3-83KI cells the transgene-encoded receptor alone was expressed.…”

Section: -83ki B Cells Rarely Retain Expression Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

B cell receptor expression level determines the fate of developing B lymphocytes: Receptor editing versus selection

Kouskoff

Lacaud

Pape

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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During B lymphocyte development, antibody genes are assembled by DNA recombination. Successful cell surface expression of IgM promotes developmental progression. However, when antigen receptors bind autoantigen, development is blocked and ongoing antibody gene recombination occurs, which often alters antibody specificity in a process called receptor editing. We demonstrate here a significant role of developmental block and receptor editing in B cell receptor quality control. During development a functional, non-self-reactive receptor undergoes receptor editing if its expression is below a certain threshold. Doubling the receptor gene dose promotes development in the absence of autoantigen, but allows editing when autoantigen is present. Thus, both underexpressed and harmful B cell receptors can undergo correction by receptor editing.

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Immunoglobulin λ genes

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

High variability in complementarity‐determining regions compensates for a low number of V gene families in the λ light chain locus of the platypus

Rearrangement of Mouse Immunoglobulin Kappa Deleting Element Recombining Sequence Promotes Immune Tolerance and Lambda B Cell Production

B cell receptor expression level determines the fate of developing B lymphocytes: Receptor editing versus selection

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