Immunohistochemical analysis of cdx2 and its correlation with histopathological parameters of gastric enteric and colorectal epithelial malignancies

Abstract

:Gastrointestinal tract cancers have become the leading causes of death worldwide. In India, the incidence of gastrointestinal carcinomas is increasing due to urbanization, change in food habits and life style. According to National Cancer Registry, gastro-intestinal carcinomas are more common in men than women and more commonly seen in elderly age group. CDX2 is a caudal type Homeo-box gene, encoding a transcription factor that plays an important role in differentiation, proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. CDX2 is often deregulated in cancer and might have oncogenic and tumour suppressor potential.1) To know the expression of CDX2 in gastric, enteric and colo-rectal epithelial. malignancies. 2) To observe and analyse the staining pattern in various grades and stages of tumour.The resected specimens of gastric, enteric and colo-rectal carcinomas were collected from the Department of Pathology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, during the year December 2019 to May 2021. Standard protocol for grossing and histopathological techniques were followed by immunohistochemical staining with CDX2 antibody. Expression of CDX2 marker and its staining pattern in various grades and stages of tumour were recorded and compared with patient’s clinicopathological parameters.A total of 67 cases of Gastrointestinal carcinomas were taken for the study. Positive CDX2 expression was seen in 58 out of 67 cases but the intensity of expression varied. There was significant statistical correlation between the CDX2 expression and histopathological grade (p value <0.05).The present study showed consistent expression of CDX2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas. The CDX2 expression decreased with increase in grade of the carcinoma.Therefore, CDX2 can be used as one of the prognostic indicators in intestinal variants gastrointestinal carcinoma.