Immunohistochemical Localization of Haptoglobin in Porcine Lungs

Hiss, S.; Willbrenning, G. Schulze; Suntz, Michael; Reinacher, M.; Sauerwein, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00828.x

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…49 However, Hp does seem to be highly induced locally in the infected lungs of the pigs in this study, probably as a manner of protection from oxidative damage due to hemoglobin. 55 This finding supports the theory by Hiss et al 25 of Hp production in bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium in infected porcine lungs, as it is seen in humans and mice. 53,54 In pigs with pleuropneumonia extra-hepatic Hp mRNA expression was also found in leucocytes, spleen, and lymph nodes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Impact of Staphylococcus Aureus Concentration on the Development of Pulmonary Lesions and Cytokine Expression After Intravenous Inoculation of Pigs

et al. 2012

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication in severe sepsis. In pigs, the lungs play an important role in clearing systemic bacterial infections due to pulmonary intravascular macrophages found specifically in pigs. However, this increases the exposure of the porcine lungs to pathogens and potential injury. The authors propose that increasing the concentration of the inoculum without changing the bacterial dose will lead to severe sepsis with pronounced pulmonary lesions. This could potentially create a risk of cytokine spillover to the circulation, leading to an increased systemic response. Eight Danish Landrace pigs, approximately 10 weeks old, were inoculated twice with a low or once with a high concentration of Staphylococcus aureus. Three pigs were sham-inoculated. The animals were grouped based on macro-and microscopic lung lesions. The mRNA expression of local pulmonary inflammatory markers was compared to protein levels of systemic inflammatory markers. The most severe pulmonary lesions were observed in animals receiving the high S. aureus concentration, indicating that severity of lesions is dependent on inoculum concentration rather than total numbers of bacteria. Furthermore, local mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines appeared to be dependent on the magnitude and severity of tissue destruction, including the ability to confine the lesions. Increasing mRNA levels of serum amyloid A could be a confident marker of severity of pulmonary lesions. Since no correlation was observed between local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, this finding could indicate an ability of the porcine lung to compartmentalize the local inflammatory response and thus restrict systemic contribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Impact of Staphylococcus Aureus Concentration on the Development of Pulmonary Lesions and Cytokine Expression After Intravenous Inoculation of Pigs

et al. 2012

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“…II). Hp has previously been demonstrated in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs [44], in lung tissue from pigs suffering from bronchopneumonia using immunohistochemistry [19] and different levels of mRNA coding for Hp have been found in lung and other tissues of mice and baboon [23, 48]. However, the highly regulated expression of non-hepatic Hp after infection has not been shown in peripheral lymphoid tissue of pigs before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge on the extrahepatic production and regulation of APP in porcine peripheral lymphoid tissues is scarce. In a recent study, Hiss et al [19] demonstrated an increased number of Hp-positive cells (epithelial cells and immigrated leukocytes) in lungs from pigs with bronchopneumonia, supporting a role for Hp as a hemoglobin scavenger during extravasation of erythrocytes into the lungs. Naranjo et al [36] demonstrated elevation of SAA mRNA and decrease of albumin (ALB) and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) protein in lymph nodes of European wild boars after natural infection with Mycobacterium bovis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rapid and widely disseminated acute phase protein response after experimental bacterial infection of pigs

et al. 2009

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The acute phase protein response is a well-described generalized early host response to tissue injury, inflammation and infection, observed as pronounced changes in the concentrations of a number of circulating serum proteins. The biological function of this response and its interplay with other parts of innate host defence reactions remain somewhat elusive. In order to gain new insight into this early host defence response in the context of bacterial infection we studied gene expression changes in peripheral lymphoid tissues as compared to hepatic expression changes, 14–18 h after lung infection in pigs. The lung infection was established with the pig specific respiratory pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Quantitative real-time PCR based expression analysis were performed on samples from liver, tracheobronchial lymph node, tonsils, spleen and on blood leukocytes, supplemented with measurements of interleukin-6 and selected acute phase proteins in serum. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A were clearly induced 14–18 h after infection. Extrahepatic expression of acute phase proteins was found to be dramatically altered as a result of the lung infection with an extrahepatic acute phase protein response occurring concomitantly with the hepatic response. This suggests that the acute phase protein response is a more disseminated systemic response than previously thought. The current study provides to our knowledge the first example of porcine extrahepatic expression and regulation of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, pig major acute phase protein, and transferrin in peripheral lymphoid tissues.

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“…In an experimental infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae increased serum levels of CRP and SAA were found but extrahepatic expression of these two proteins and of Hp and Pig-MAP was also detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues by PCR (Skovgaard et al, 2009). Extrahepatic presence of Hp has been also detected in lung by immunohistochemistry (Hiss et al, 2008). In field cases of enzootic pneumonia (EP) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae elevated serum levels of Hp, CRP, SAA and Pig-MAP have been reported (Parra et al, 2006) (Table 7).…”

Section: Disease and Apps In Swinementioning

confidence: 83%

“…The liver is the main target for the production of APPs, specially the hepatocytes; however, several extrahepatic sites have been reported. An extrahepatic synthesis of haptoglobin (Hp) has been reported in airway epithelial cells and immigrated leucocytes (Hiss et al, 2008) and extrahepatic production of C-reactive protein (CRP) has been observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (Kuji et al, 2007), pulmonary fibroblast and endothelial cells in the lung (Päiväniemi et al, 2009). In our group an extrahepatic expression of both Hp (Gutiérrez et al, 2011) and CRP (unpublished data) has been observed in epithelial cells from the respiratory tract, in the parotid salivary gland and in diaphragmatic myofibers from sick pigs (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%