Immunological features beyond CD4/CD8 ratio values in older individuals

Abstract

The CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio is emerging as a relevant marker of evolution for many pathologies and therapies. We aimed to explore immunological features beyond CD4/CD8 ratio values in older subjects (>65 years old) who were classified as having lower (<1.4), intermediate (1.4-2), or higher (>2) ratio values. The lower group showed a lower thymic output (sj/β-TREC ratio) and frequency of naïve T-cells, concomitant with increased mature T-cells. In these subjects, the CD4 T-cell subset was enriched in CD95+ but depleted of CD98+ cells. The regulatory T-cell (Treg) compartment was enriched in CTLA-4+ cells. The CD8 T-cell pool exhibited increased frequencies of CD95+ cells but decreased frequencies of integrin-β7+ cells. Interestingly, in the intermediate group, the CD4 pool showed greater differences than the CD8 pool, mostly for cellular senescence. Regarding inflammation, only hsCRP was elevated in the lower group; however, negative correlations between the CD4/CD8 ratio and β2-microglobulin and sCD163 were detected. These subjects displayed trends of more comorbidities and less independence in daily activities. Altogether, our data reveal different thymic output and immune profiles for T-cells across CD4/CD8 ratio values that can define immune capabilities, affecting health status in older individuals. Thus, the CD4/CD8 ratio may be used as an integrative marker of biological age.

T cell activation profiles can distinguish gram negative/positive bacterial sepsis and are associated with ICU discharge

“…We found that CD3 + CD4 + CD69 + T/CD3 + CD8 + CD69 + T ratio ≤ 0.2697, CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T >23.255%, and CCI >5 were significantly associated with the poor ICU discharge, and CD3 + CD4 + CD69 + T/CD3 + CD8 + CD69 + T ratio was noted as an independent prognostic factor for ICU discharge. The prognostic role of low level CD3 + CD4 + CD69 + T/CD3 + CD8 + CD69 + T ratio in G - sepsis may be similar to that of low level CD4 + T/CD8 + T ratio in sepsis in previous studies, which may reflect the imbalance of T suppression/activation of adaptive immune response during pathophysiologic process in sepsis ( 44 , 45 ). In G - sepsis (versus G + sepsis), we observed that both CD3 + CD69 + T and CD3 + CD8 + CD69 + T (%) were remarkably upregulated, while CD4 + T/CD8 + T ratio, CD3 + CD4 + CD69 + T (%) and CD3 + CD4 + T were downregulated (although the latter two indexes without significant difference).…”

Efficacy of Fangfeng Tongsheng Granule Combined with Levocetirizine in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria and Its Effect on Serum Complement, IL-4, IgE, and IFN-γ Levels in Patients

“…+ is a sensitive indicator of human immunodeficiency, and the decrease of this ratio indicates that the body's immune function is inhibited [20][21][22]. IgE is closely related to the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria and is the key immunoglobulin that mediates the pathogenesis of the disease [23].…”

Healthy Ageing Reflected in Innate and Adaptive Immune Parameters

“…29 In our study, we have obtained the same increase of the T-CD4 + /T-CD8 + ratio, increase that is based on the statistically significant decrease of T-CD8 + subset. The presented T-CD4 + /T-CD8 + ratio is becoming an emerging cellular biomarker and potentially a useful predictor of aging, 30 typically with a reduction in the ratio associating with disease, dysfunction, or poor health outcomes. [31][32][33] The differences that we have obtained in this parameter comparing to other studies can be due to the differences in both to the genetical make-up of the populations and environmental conditions.…”