Immunological mechanisms in specific immunotherapy

Schmidt‐Weber, Carsten B.; Blaser, Kurt

doi:10.1007/s00281-003-0147-x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Allergen-specific T- cell clones from atopic patients have a much higher percentage of TH2 or TH0 type compared with healthy individuals, which tend to have more TH140, 52. Finally, treatment of allergic rhinitis with allergen immunotherapy has been demonstrated to result in a shifting of overall Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels toward a more balanced Th1/Th2 response, which correlates with decreases in clinical disease activity 53. These mechanism studies would support the theory that physiological states associated with type II cytokine environment could exacerbates asthmatic and allergic diseases.…”

Section: B Altered Immunity In Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Allergic Diseases

Dave

Xiang

Rehm

et al. 2011

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

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Summary Allergy describes a constellation of clinical diseases that affect up to 30% of the world’s population. It is characterized by production of allergen specific IgE which bind to mast cells and initiate a cascade of molecular and cellular events that affect the respiratory tract (rhinitis and asthma) skin (dermatitis, urticaria) and multi systems (anaphylaxis) to a variety of allergens including pollens, mold spores, animal danders, insect stings, foods and drugs. The underlying pathophysiology involves immunoregulatory dysfunctions similar to those noted in highly stressed populations. The relationships in terms of potentials for intervention are discussed.

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Section: B Altered Immunity In Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Allergic Diseases

Dave

Xiang

Rehm

et al. 2011

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

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“…The beneficial effect of SIT may be caused by a shift in the allergen-specific Th cells from a Th2 skew to a more Th1-like profile [11,12,13]. Also, recent scientific interest has been focused on eliciting regulatory T cells (Treg) capable of downregulating both Th1 and Th2 responses through the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and/or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β [14,15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublingual Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Adjuvanted with Monophosphoryl Lipid A: A Phase I/IIa Study

Pfaar

Barth

Jaschke

et al. 2010

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) allergy vaccines have an excellent safety profile, but opinions vary on their efficacy, and treatment regimens are often lengthy. This study assessed the effects of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) on safety/tolerability and clinical and immunological efficacy when combined with grass pollen SLIT formulations in treating patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. This is the first reported study of adjuvanted SLIT. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled phase I/IIa study, 80 grass pollen-sensitive subjects were randomized into 4 groups of 20 subjects to receive daily treatment for 8 weeks. Sixteen patients per group received SLIT and 4 received placebo. The formulation given to each group varied with respect to grass pollen extract and MPL content. Grass allergen nasal challenge tests (NCTs) were performed prior to dosing and in weeks 4 and 10. Grass pollen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE antibodies were measured at baseline and prior to dosing in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10. Results: Local and systemic adverse events were generally comparable for patients who received active treatment and placebo. Patients in the 2 groups given SLIT containing the highest amount of MPL experienced the highest proportion of negative NCTs after 10 weeks (47 and 44%, vs. 20% with placebo). These patients also showed earlier median increases in specific IgG and smaller increases in IgE levels than those receiving other formulations. Conclusions: These results suggest that SLIT preparations containing MPL are well tolerated and alter the immunological response to grass antigens after 3 weeks of exposure, with an associated suppression of nasal challenge responses.

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“…Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been shown to reduce clinical symptoms and induce prolonged tolerance to allergens by modulating immune responses [34,35].…”

Section: Allergen Immunotherapy As a Treatment For Allergic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCIT leads to reduced allergen-specifi c IgE, elevated allergen-specifi c IgG4, reduced Th2 cytokine expression (IL-4, IL-5), and in most studies increased Th1 cytokine expression (interferon-γ) [34,35]. These effects have been shown to be mediated by increased numbers of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs and induction of antigen-specifi c CD4 + CD25 + Tregs with suppressive activity that is mediated by production of IL-10 and/or TGF-β.…”

Section: Allergen Immunotherapy As a Treatment For Allergic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral immunotherapy for food allergy

Tang

2008

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Current management of food allergy involves strict avoidance, education on recognizing and managing allergic reactions, and carrying an adrenaline autoinjector. This approach is burdensome and associated with reduced quality of life. Patients with food allergy would benefit greatly from a treatment that could achieve desensitization or long-term tolerance. Recent studies have shown that oral immunotherapy (OIT) can induce desensitization and modulate allergen-specific immune responses; however, it remains uncertain whether OIT can induce long-term tolerance. Nevertheless, successful desensitization provides a major advance in management by reducing the risk of reaction to low amounts of allergen. Allergic reactions during OIT are common, although severe reactions are less common. Therefore, OIT should be performed in specialist centers under close medical supervision and would ideally be conducted as part of ongoing research studies. OIT holds promise as a novel approach to managing food allergy.

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Immunological mechanisms in specific immunotherapy

Cited by 15 publications

References 126 publications

Stress and Allergic Diseases

Stress and Allergic Diseases

Sublingual Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Adjuvanted with Monophosphoryl Lipid A: A Phase I/IIa Study

Oral immunotherapy for food allergy

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