Immunological parameters of recurrent miscarriages among women in Thi-Qar province

Abstract

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as the loss of pregnancy three or more consecutive times in the first and second trimester, which in some cases occurs due to immune abnormalities. This study aimed to assess some immunological parameters in women with recurrent miscarriages, including the level of antiphospholipid antibody (APA), anticardiolipin (ACA), antinuclear antibody (ANA), complement C3 and C4, and interleukine-3 (IL-3). We included 100 patients together with 100 healthy women as a control. ELIZA was used to measure some types of autoantibodies. APA and ACA significantly increased (P≤0.05) in patients compared to control. In addition, 29% of the patients were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), while the control subjects had negative results for these autoantibodies. Regarding the complement, the serum levels of C3 and C4 were significantly elevated in the serum level of patients when compared to the control group, but in treated patients (heparin and low-dose aspirin), the levels of the complement (C3 and C4) showed a significant decrease in patients compared to total controls. Cytokine level (IL-3) significantly decreased in untreated patients 302.78 pg/ml compared to treated patients (741.57 pg/ml). Antiphospholipid antibodies are more prevalent among women with recurrent miscarriages and are also believed to be the result of abnormal autoimmune activation.

Evaluation of platelet parameters, coagulation markers, antiphospholipid syndrome, and thyroid function in palestinian women with recurrent pregnancy loss

“…The level of the later antibodies was significantly higher in RPL patients compared to controls. Our findings are compatible with a previous study reporting that APA (IgM) are more accurate and have higher sensitivity than other antibodies [ 9 , 50 – 52 ]. Although the level of APA (IgG), B2GP1 (IgM, IgG) was higher in RPL patients compared to controls, this difference was not statistically significant, thus indicating the absence of association between these antibodies and RPL at least among our study population.…”

“…Although the level of APA (IgG), B2GP1 (IgM, IgG) was higher in RPL patients compared to controls, this difference was not statistically significant, thus indicating the absence of association between these antibodies and RPL at least among our study population. APS is a major reason for fetal loss due to a thrombotic tendency resulting in placental infarction during pregnancy [ 18 , 50 – 52 ]. The prevalence of APS antibodies in healthy blood donors was recorded as 6.5% and 9.4% for ACA antibodies IgG and IgM, respectively [ 49 ].…”

Predicting risk of subsequent pregnancy loss among women with recurrent pregnancy loss: An immunological factor‐based multivariable model

“…This deposition is a marker of antibody‐mediated classical complement activation, which suggests an aberrant antifetal immunity in these women 55 . Previous study showed that C4 levels were significantly elevated in the RPL patients and tended to be significantly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes 56 . In this study, the RPL patients with subsequent consequences of pregnancy loss had higher pre‐pregnancy C4 levels, and our findings were consistent with the previous reports 53 .…”

“…55 Previous study showed that C4 levels were significantly elevated in the RPL patients and tended to be significantly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. 56 In this study, the RPL patients with subsequent consequences of pregnancy loss had higher pre-pregnancy C4 levels, and our findings were consistent with the previous reports. 53 Despite these strengths, our study still have some limitations.…”