Immunomodulating, Neuroprotective and Regenerative Modalities in Multiple Sclerosis Management

Abstract

The incidence of Multiple sclerosis disease is rapidly increasing worldwide, for instance, across Asia, the utmost growth was confirmed in Japan from 1,000 in 1980 to more than 20,000 people in 2019 [1]. The phenomenon of "Westernization" in Asian countries which includes a specific choice of food and lifestyle was related to the higher prevalence of MS in Asia's population which almost supports new findings on the great influence of gut and its microbiota in people worldwide. The current conventional therapy helps to prolong the periods between attacks and relapses, but in fact, does not slow down the disease progression and impact on physical activities which eventually leads to disabilities. The development of a new approach and data is highly required with the opportunity to avoid immunity suppression. This review article shares information on the complex integrative approach of the management of MS cases with the application of immune-modulating peptides, mitochondria derived neural peptides, precursor stem cells, active specific immunotherapy therapy and diet. The results showed a regeneration effect, stable prolonged remission, a reversal of symptoms, reduction of side effects, high efficacy of reduction of MS lesions as well as safety of combination (ongoing and integrative) approach. RevieW ARTiCLe Check for updates people who live with MS are more than 2.3 million [3], a debilitating condition triggered by an autoimmune response that causes inflammation damage to nerve cells in the central nervous system and currently incurable. MS is highly often diagnosed in females than males about 2 to 3 times more common in relapsing-remitting MS [4]. This phenomenon also shared with several other autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis. MS most commonly affects people between the ages of 20 and 50 years and also might be presented in childhood or late middle age [5]. Researchers have found that MS affects different age groups differently. For instance, people who are diagnosed when they are 50 years or older typically have a more progressive disease course. MS is determined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord with focal lymphocytic infiltration, which eventually harms myelin sheaths and axons [6]. Primarily, inflammation is temporal, and remyelination happens but is not permanent, and as such, the early stages of MS are presented by incidences of neurological dysfunction, which is next followed by recovery [7]. Anyway, after some time, the pathological changes become inevitable and constant by proliferation microglial activation related to comprehensive and chronic neurodegeneration which clinically appear as a progressive accumulation of disability [8].