Immunomodulation by nematodes: A review

Barriga, Omar O.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(84)90098-0

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The capacity of helminths to modulate host immune responses to unrelated antigens is well documented (1). High dose immunization with adult Ascaris suum worm antigen (Asc) induces a marked production of IL-4 and IL-10 by inguinal and periaortical lymph node (LN) cells of DBA/2 mice (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the injection of an extract of Ascaris suum on macrophage activation during the early phase of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in C57Bl/6 mice

Ferreira

Aarestrup

Bonecini-Almeida

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Injection of an Ascaris suum extract (Asc) affects both the humoral and cellular immune responses to unrelated antigens when it is coadministered with these antigens. In the present study we evaluated the effect of Asc on macrophage activation in the early phase of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Pasteur strain TMCC 1173) infection in C57Bl/6 mice. C57Bl/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 0.1 mg BCG (BCG group) or BCG plus 1 mg Asc (BCG + Asc group). The peritoneal exudates were obtained at 2, 7 and 14 days after infection. The numbers of IFN-g-secreting cells were assessed by the ELISPOT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by the Griess method and by the evaluation of NADPH diaphorase activity in the peritoneal exudates. The administration of Asc extract increased NADPH diaphorase activity (2 days: control = 0, BCG = 7%, BCG + Asc = 13%, and Asc = 4%; 7 days: control = 4, BCG = 13%, BCG + Asc = 21%, and Asc = 4.5%) and TNF-a levels (mean ± SD; 2 days: control = 0, BCG = 169 ± 13, BCG + Asc = 202 ± 37, and Asc = 0; 7 days: control = 0, BCG = 545 ± 15.5, BCG + Asc = 2206 ± 160.6, and Asc = 126 ± 26; 14 days: control = 10 ± 1.45, BCG = 9 ± 1.15, BCG + Asc = 126 ± 18, and Asc = 880 ± 47.67 pg/ml) in the early phase of BCG infection. Low levels of NO production were detected at 2 and 7 days after BCG infection, increasing at 14 days (mean ± SD; 2 days: control = 0, BCG = 3.7 ± 1.59, BCG + Asc = 0.82 ± 0.005, Asc = 0.48 ± 0.33; 7 days: control = 0, BCG = 2.78 ± 1.54, BCG + Asc = 3.07 ± 1.05, Asc = 0; 14 days: control = 0, BCG = 9.05 ± 0.53, BCG + Asc = 9.61 ± 0.81, Asc = 10.5 ± 0.2 (2 x 10 6 ) cells/ml). Furthermore, we also observed that Asc co-injection induced a decrease of BCG-colonyforming units (CFU) in the spleens of BCG-infected mice during the first week of infection (mean ± SD; 2 days: BCG = 1.13 ± 0.07 and BCG + Asc = 0.798 ± 0.305; 7 days: BCG = 1.375 ± 0.194 and BCG + Asc = 0.548 ± 0.0226; 14 days: BCG = 0.473 ± 0.184 and BCG + Asc = 0.675 ± 0.065 (x 10 2 ) CFU). The present data suggest that Asc induces the enhancement of the immune response in the early phase of BCG infection. Correspondence

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the injection of an extract of Ascaris suum on macrophage activation during the early phase of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in C57Bl/6 mice

Ferreira

Aarestrup

Bonecini-Almeida

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Ascaris suum, like many other helminths, can modulate the host's immune response, leading to enhancement or suppression of antibody production and/or cell-mediated immunity to unrelated antigens [1]. Comparative studies of populations with varying degrees of helminthic infection have indicated that these parasites cause a non-specific polyclonal stimulation of IgE synthesis, which can enhance allergic reactivity [2,3] or, when it is excessive, can be suppressive [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunosuppressive activity ofAscaris suumis due to high molecular weight components

Faquim-Mauro

Macedo

1998

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe role of isolated components obtained by gel filtration chromatography of Ascaris suum body extract (Asc) on the modulation of the immune response to ovalbumin (OvA) was evaluated and correlated with the immunogenic properties of such components. We showed that high (PI), but not low (PIII), molecular weight components have the ability to inhibit OvA-induced immediate and DTH reactions, lymph node (LN) cell proliferation, cytokine (IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-g), IL-4 and IL-10) and antibody (IgG1, IgG2a, IgM and IgE) production in mice concomitantly immunized with OvA and these high mol. wt components. The pattern of cytokines synthesized in response to PI or PIII was totally different: the former induced more IL-4 and IL-10 and the latter more IL-2 and IFN-g. The levels of Asc-specific IgG1 antibodies were higher in mice immunized with OvA plus PI and IgG2a anti-Asc antibodies predominated in those immunized with PIII. IgE antibody production, however, was low in the former group of mice. These results indicate that the high mol. wt components present in the body extract from the helminth A. suum are responsible for its suppressive effect upon Th1-and Th2-dependent immune responses to an unrelated antigen. The suppression of the Th1-dependent parameters could be related to high-level expression of IL-4 and IL-10 induced by such components.

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“…Helminth infections in man and several animal species have been associated with a large production of IgE anti bodies [1] and with the modulation of the immune respon siveness of these hosts [2], Thus, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris suum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Nematospiroides dubius and diverse filariae can depress or enhance the hetero logous humoral or cell-mediated immunities and affect macrophage activity or the response to other invaders [2], Using the N. brasiliensis infection to study the mechanisms of IgE regulation by helminths, Ishizaka [3] identified two IgE-binding factors which potentiating or suppressive ac tivity on the IgE antibody production depends on two other glycosylation-controlling lymphokines. In relation to A. suum, it was shown that this nematode potentiates the IgE response in different species [4][5][6], although at tempts made in the mouse model were unsuccessful [7], The worm extracts in various stages of purification have been also widely used as immunizing antigen in studies on IgE antibody formation [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of <i>Ascaris suum</i> Components Which Suppress IgE Antibody Responses

Soares

Mota²,

Macedo³

1992

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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An extract from adult Ascaris suum was fractionated on a Sephadex G-200 column and individual elution fractions assessed for their ability to induce or suppress an IgE antibody response in mice immunized simultaneously with a heterologous antigen (ovalbumin). The results showed that, whilst fractions eluted in the first peak suppressed the anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody production, those eluted in the third peak induced a significant anti-Ascaris IgE response. The mixture of the two kinds of fractions resulted in suppression of anti-Ascaris IgE antibodies. The apparent molecular weight (MW) of the first and third peaks was 530,000 and 29,000 daltons, respectively. After delipidation, the extract still retained most of its biological activities. SDS-PAGE of this material showed selective loss of high-MW components when compared to the whole extract. No bands were observed in SDS-PAGE of peak I in contrast to peak III, which displayed several bands. Immunoblots of all these samples showed at least 3 bands above MW 150,000, which reacted with anti-peak I anti-serum, in the unfractionated extracts and in peak I, but not in peak III. When the extract was fractionated by affinity chromatography using anti-peak I antibodies as ligands, the immunogenic components were present in the effluent, whereas the suppressive components were recovered in the eluate.

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Immunomodulation by nematodes: A review

Cited by 34 publications

References 93 publications

Effect of the injection of an extract of Ascaris suum on macrophage activation during the early phase of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in C57Bl/6 mice

Effect of the injection of an extract of Ascaris suum on macrophage activation during the early phase of Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in C57Bl/6 mice

The immunosuppressive activity ofAscaris suumis due to high molecular weight components

Isolation of <i>Ascaris suum</i> Components Which Suppress IgE Antibody Responses

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