Immunomodulators in Autoimmunity and Viral Infections

Malemud, Charles J.

doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000537

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Interestingly, FIP-fve maymight be seen as a safe substance for viral prevention and disease therapy [133]. Immunomodulators have become useful agents in relieving the pathology that is associated with viral infections going forward [152]. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of mushroom products involve stimulating innate and adaptive immune responses through the activation of macrophages, T lymphocytes, DCs, NK cells, and cytokines.…”

Section: Exobiopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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The inhibition of viral protease is an important target in antiviral drug discovery and development. To date, protease inhibitor drugs, especially HIV-1 protease inhibitors, have been available for human clinical use in the treatment of coronaviruses. However, these drugs can have adverse side effects and they can become ineffective due to eventual drug resistance. Thus, the search for natural bioactive compounds that were obtained from bio-resources that exert inhibitory capabilities against HIV-1 protease activity is of great interest. Fungi are a source of natural bioactive compounds that offer therapeutic potential in the prevention of viral diseases and for the improvement of human immunomodulation. Here, we made a brief review of the current findings on fungi as producers of protease inhibitors and studies on the relevant candidate fungal bioactive compounds that can offer immunomodulatory activities as potential therapeutic agents of coronaviruses in the future.

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Section: Exobiopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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“…Immunomodulatory activity remains one of the essential features of any drug formulation that makes it effective against any target pathogenic organisms including viral and bacterial diseases. Immunomodulators are substances furnished with the clinical efficacy for altering host responses in the therapy of viral and bacterial infections and have become indispensable agents in relieving the pathology that accompanies viral infections ( Kak et al, 2012 ; Labro, 2012 ; Zapater et al, 2015 ; Malemud, 2018 ). Different bioactive agents from G. lucidum are immunomodulators that play significant roles in boosting the immune system, which is the first barrier against infectious diseases ( El et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Ganoderma Lucidum Distribution and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum: Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa

et al. 2022

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Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has been used for the prevention and treatment of different ailments to enhance longevity and health specifically in China, Japan, and Korea. It was known as “God’s herb” in ancient China as it was believed to prolong life, enhance the youthful spirit and sustain/preserve vitality. G. lucidum is seldom collected from nature and is substantially cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the international market demand. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on the copious metabolic activities of G. lucidum have been carried out. Varied groups of chemical compounds including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes with potent pharmacological activities have been isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. Several researchers have reported the abundance and diversification of its biological actions triggered by these chemical compounds. Triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic antiallergic, neuroprotective, antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activities. Various formulations have been developed, patented, and utilized as nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum extracts and active compounds. Thus, this review presents current updates on emerging infectious diseases and highlights the scope, dynamics, and advances in infectious disease management with a particular focus on Ganoderma lucidum, an unutilized natural medicine as a promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. However, details such as the chemical compound and mode of action of each bioactive against different emerging diseases were not discussed in this study.

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“…3 Treatment through immune system modulation has attracted much attention because it initiates the body's immune response to fight bacterial and viral infections. 4 The use of many immunomodulating agents was developed to initiate the body's immune system against infection and reduce the risk of damage to the host due to the activity of the immune response from proinflammatory cytokines. With research on vaccines to prevent COVID-19 still in development stages, the use of immunomodulators in modulating the immune system may be useful for pathology related to viral infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With research on vaccines to prevent COVID-19 still in development stages, the use of immunomodulators in modulating the immune system may be useful for pathology related to viral infections. 4 Recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria. 5 Probiotics are defined as being "living microorganisms which, when consumed in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits to the host".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effects Immunomodulators on Probiotics in COVID-19 Preventing Infection in the Future. A Narrative Review

Muhammad

Dewi

2020

Int J Med Students

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After the outbreak in December 2019, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has become a global health problem because of its rapid spread throughout the world. To date, there are no effective therapies to treat or prevent COVID-19 infection. Probiotic bacteria are widely used to prevent gastrointestinal infections by modulating intestinal microbiota. Therefore, this literature review focuses on the potential possessed by probiotic bacteria for the prevention of future COVID-19 infections. Information was extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords: "COVID-19", "immunomodulator", "inflammation", and "probiotic" and synthesize in a narrative review. The results showed that probiotic bacteria have immunomodulatory activity that can increase immunity against pathogens by regulating the immune system through modulation of intestinal microbiota and interactions with the lymphatic system in the digestive tract. The ability of the immune system regulation by probiotic bacteria has the effect of increasing the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens that infect the respiratory tract. However, further evidence is still needed regarding the effect of probiotic immunomodulators in combating future COVID-19 infections.

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Immunomodulators in Autoimmunity and Viral Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fungi as Potential Candidates for Protease Inhibitors and Immunomodulators to Apply for Coronaviruses

Ganoderma lucidum: Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa

Potential Effects Immunomodulators on Probiotics in COVID-19 Preventing Infection in the Future. A Narrative Review

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