Immunopharmacology of Oral Betalactams

Periti, P

doi:10.1179/joc.1998.10.2.91

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1,5,6 ). However, for various reasons our understanding of this important subject remains in an unsatisfactory state.…”

Section: Antibiotics As Direct Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, there have been several studies on the oral compound cefaclor, that is regarded by many as antibiotic of choice for a range of upper and lower respiratory infections. The "pro-host" properties of this cephalosporin have been reviewed by Periti 6 . Cefaclor has been shown to stimulate myeloperoxidase and the speed of phagocytosis in human polymorphs; it also reduces the production of leukotrienes in these cells, causing a decrease in the formation of free radicals and histamine.…”

Section: Cefaclormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunopharmacology of Antibiotics: Direct and Indirect Immunomodulation of Defence Mechanisms

Hamilton‐Miller¹

2001

Journal of Chemotherapy

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Antibiotics can alter the host's reaction to an infection (itself an immunomodulating event) in various ways. Indirect actions involve killing of bacteria, changing the intestinal flora, intrinsic antigenicity and preventing bacteria making virulence factors. Direct actions are upon phagocytic function, chemotaxis and lymphocyte activities. Immunomodulation can be positive ("pro-host") or negative, and can be quantitated by means of the parameter "immune index". Among the cephalosporins, cefodizime shows the greatest positive immunomodulating activity, due to the unique nature of the 3-sidechain. Cefotaxime has an immunodepressing effect in vitro. The oral cephalosporin cefaclor appears to have a beneficial effect on polymorph function. While immunomodulation by antibiotics may appear marked in in vitro and ex vivo experiments, and in animal models, this phenomenon does not appear to have decisive effects therapeutically.

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“…1,5,6 ). However, for various reasons our understanding of this important subject remains in an unsatisfactory state.…”

Section: Antibiotics As Direct Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Cefaclormentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopharmacology of Antibiotics: Direct and Indirect Immunomodulation of Defence Mechanisms

Hamilton‐Miller¹

2001

Journal of Chemotherapy

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“…One of the major differences between -lactam antibiotics and the other groups seems to be the lack of anti-inflammatory properties oflactams. The most thoroughly investigated agent is cefaclor: it was shown to promote phagocytosis by enhanced chemotaxis and potentiated bactericidal activity by inducing a shift towards a type 1 pro-inflammatory response [20]. There is contradictory in vitro data on the actions of cefaclor and cefpodoxime in human leukocytes: while the histamine release induced by E. coli and S. aureus from human basophils was increased by the cephalosporines, the synthesis of leukotrienes from neutrophils was decreased.…”

Section: -Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Properties of Antibiotics

Tauber

Nau

2008

CMP

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There is growing evidence that certain antibiotics exert their beneficial effects not only by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens but also indirectly by immunomodulation. This review aims at giving an overview of the immunomodulatory properties of antibiotics in different diseases: The antiinflammatory properties of macrolides in chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorders were recognized more than 15 years ago and have been well documented in the last decade. Recent data suggest that several antibiotics such as tetracyclines and cephalosporins may have a beneficial immunomodulatory or neuroprotective effect on neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, the non-bacteriolytic but bactericidal antibiotics rifampicin, clindamycin and aminoglycosides kill bacteria without releasing high quantities of proinflammtory cell wall components. The use of bactericidal, non-bacteriolytic protein synthesis inhibitors reduces mortality and long-term sequelae in experimental bacterial sepsis, plague and meningitis. Clinically, macrolides have been well established as an adjunctive treatment tolactam antibiotics in pulmonary diseases. For other indications, appropriate clinical trials are necessary before using the immunomodulatory properties of antibiotics in clinical practice.

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