Immunoreactive ACTH, β-Endorphin, and Cortisol Levels in Plasma following Spinal Manipulative Therapy

Christian, Gerard F.; Stanton, Geoffrey J.; Sissons, D. C. S.; How, Hoan Y.; Jamison, Jennifer R.; Alder, Bronwyn; Fullerton, Meryl J.; Funder, John W.

doi:10.1097/00007632-198812000-00014

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, we found a significant increase of cortisol plasmatic concentration following cervical manipulation, which does not agree with previous results. 15,69 A possible explanation for this could be the use of venipuncture to obtain blood samples. Venipuncture is thought to be a stress factor that may increase circulating cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Biochemical Markers of Pain Perception and Stress Response After Spinal Manipulation

Plaza-Manzano

Molina²,

Lomas‐Vega³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Biochemical Markers of Pain Perception and Stress Response After Spinal Manipulation

Plaza-Manzano

Molina²,

Lomas‐Vega³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Researchers suggest that massage and manipulation trigger a release of neuropeptides in patients and have studied the relationship between OMT and the endocannabinoid system (Christian et al, 1988). The endocannabinoid system, like the better-known endorphin system, consists of receptors in the brain, nervous system and elsewhere (cannabinoid receptors) and their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopathic manual therapy versus conventional conservative therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A randomized controlled trial

Cuccia

Caradonna

Annunziata

et al. 2010

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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“…According to the authors, these Wndings rule out the existence of any analgesic eVect related to the humoral E response to spinal manipulation. It was concluded that manual therapy does not activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Christian et al 1988). …”

Section: Manual Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels

Bender¹,

Nagy²,

Barna

et al. 2007

Eur J Appl Physiol

115

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Beta-endorphin (betaE) is an important reliever of pain. Various stressors and certain modalities of physiotherapy are potent inducers of the release of endogenous betaE to the blood stream. Most forms of exercise also increase blood betaE level, especially when exercise intensity involves reaching the anaerobic threshold and is associated with the elevation of serum lactate level. Age, gender, and mental activity during exercise also may influence betaE levels. Publications on the potential stimulating effect of manual therapy and massage on betaE release are controversial. Sauna, mud bath, and thermal water increase betaE levels through conveying heat to the tissues. The majority of the techniques for electrical stimulation have a similar effect, which is exerted both centrally and--to a lesser extent--peripherally. However, the parameters of electrotherapy have not yet been standardised. The efficacy of analgesia and the improvement of general well-being do not necessarily correlate with betaE level. Although in addition to blood, increased brain and cerebrospinal fluid betaE levels are also associated with pain, the majority of studies have concerned blood betaE levels. In general, various modalities of physical therapy might influence endorphin levels in the serum or in the cerebrospinal fluid--this is usually manifested by elevation with potential mitigation of pain. However, a causal relationship between the elevation of blood, cerebrospinal fluid or brain betaE levels and the onset of the analgesic action cannot be demonstrated with certainty.

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Immunoreactive ACTH, β-Endorphin, and Cortisol Levels in Plasma following Spinal Manipulative Therapy

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Biochemical Markers of Pain Perception and Stress Response After Spinal Manipulation

Changes in Biochemical Markers of Pain Perception and Stress Response After Spinal Manipulation

Osteopathic manual therapy versus conventional conservative therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A randomized controlled trial

The effect of physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels

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