Immunoreactive Cells After Cerebral Ischemia

Abstract

The immune system is rapidly activated after ischemic stroke. As immune cells migrate and infiltrate across the blood-brain barrier into the ischemic region, a cascade of cellular and molecular biological reactions occur, involving migrated immune cells, resident glial cells, and the vascular endothelium. These events regulate infarction evolution and thus influence the outcome of ischemic stroke. Most immune cells exert dual effects on cerebral ischemia, and some crucial cells may become central targets in ischemic stroke treatment and rehabilitation.

Discovery of core gene families associated with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer and regulatory roles in tumor cell immune infiltration

“…These intersecting DEGs were mainly enriched in GO-BP terms of cytokine secretion associated pathways, as well as “leukocyte chemotaxis”. Leukocyte chemotaxis referred to a process through which immune cells migrate to the target site at the presence of external stimulus, for instance, infiltration of neutrophil into stimulated target sites was essential for innate immune response [41] , yet relatively limited reports described such process in metastasis, nevertheless, we hypothesize that this process might regulate leukocyte infiltration in tumor micro environment, as the migration of immune cells was coordinated with infiltration [42] . Cytokines can facilitate metastatic colonization in some tumors [43] ; for instance, IL-6 and G-CSF were responsible for metastasis [44] , specifically, in CRC patients, circulating galectin-3 could promote secretion of several cytokines in metastatic CRC [45] .…”

VoPo leverages cellular heterogeneity for predictive modeling of single-cell data

“…2c). This finding is particularly clinically relevant as depletion of systemic NK cells early after stroke due to their mobilization to the ischemic brain and their local inflammatory activity has been associated with post-stroke recovery 30,31 .…”

Metabolic determinants of leukocyte pathogenicity in neurological diseases

“…In this scenario, both local microglia and adaptive and innate blood‐borne immune cells that infiltrate the CNS during the acute ischemic event and post‐stroke play a fundamental role. Of note, as in most neurological diseases, immune cells could either support the CNS damage, by releasing pro‐inflammatory mediators and causing further neuronal death, or have a beneficial role, by cleaning‐up cellular debris and promoting tissue repair and resolution of inflammation (Bonaventura et al., 2019; Chen, Ai, Chu, Zhang, & Chen, 2019; Cramer, Benakis, & Liesz, 2019; Evans et al., 2019; Iadecola et al., 2020; Jickling et al., 2015; Seifert, Vandenbark, & Offner, 2018; Srivastava, Srivastava, & Verma, 2019; Wang, Zhang, Sheng, & Shao, 2019). During the post‐stroke phase, several metabolic alterations can be observed in the affected CNS area.…”