Immunoregulation in the tissues by γδ T cells

Abstract

For a T-cell subset to be classified as immunoregulatory, it might reasonably be predicted that in its absence, animals would experience pathological immune dysregulation. Moreover, reconstitution of the subset should restore normal immune regulation. So far, these criteria have been satisfied by only a few of the candidate regulatory T-cell subsets, but among them is the intraepithelial gammadelta T-cell receptor (TCR)+ subset of mouse skin. In this article, we look at immunoregulatory gammadelta T cells, and the growing evidence for tissue-associated immunoregulation mediated by both gammadelta T cells and alphabeta T cells.

Resident Vδ1+ γδ T Cells Control Early Infiltration of Neutrophils after Escherichia coli Infection via IL-17 Production

“…However, most of the studies on the roles of ␥␦ T cells in the epithelium rather revealed their immunoregulatory properties (36,37). In this study, we clearly demonstrated an involvement of resident ␥␦ T cells at the very early stage of host defense against bacterial infection through IL-17 production.…”

Inhibition of murine γδ lymphocyte expansion and effector function by regulatory αβ T cells is cell‐contact‐dependent and sensitive to GITR modulation

“…Treg suppress cd cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production gd T cells are well known for their cytotoxic function in both mice [4] and humans [2], which constitutes a strong basis for gd-T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies [2]. We tested whether this activity could be directly inhibited by Treg in 3-day co-cultures.…”

“…gd T cells are innate-like lymphocytes known to mount robust responses to infectious pathogens [1] and tumors [2], while also regulating tissue homeostasis and repair [3]. Importantly, several of these functions are non-redundant, as demonstrated by the immunopathology phenotypes of TCR-d-deficient mice [4]. It is also well documented that upon pathogen challenge (for example, with Plasmodium falciparum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Haemophilus influenzae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae), gd T cells are one of the immune populations that expands most dramatically in human peripheral blood [1,5,6].…”

In vivo application of mAb directed against the γδ TCR does not deplete but generates “invisible” γδ T cells

“…Circulating gd T cells show a more diverse TCR repertoire, but make up only 0.5-3% of all T cells in the blood and in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. Both mucosal and circulating gd T cells seem to play specific roles in the regulation and execution of host responses to many pathogens [1][2][3].Recently, gd T cells have received an increasing attention as main producers of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL17A [4][5][6][7]. In contrast to the progress made in understanding their counterparts of the ab T-cell lineage, the biological role of gd T cells is only slowly emerging.…”

“…Circulating gd T cells show a more diverse TCR repertoire, but make up only 0.5-3% of all T cells in the blood and in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. Both mucosal and circulating gd T cells seem to play specific roles in the regulation and execution of host responses to many pathogens [1][2][3].…”