Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis

Ahmad, Aatiya; Khan, Parvez; Rehman, Asad Ur; Batra, Surinder K.; Nasser, Mohd W.

doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01818-7

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 261 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, there may be opportunities for immunotherapeutic strategies, such as targeting tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), that could be applicable to both LUAD-BM and primary brain tumors. Moreover, significant progress in the development of efficient delivery methods for immunotherapy, including nanocell-based drug delivery systems and drug repurposing [ 120 ], reinforces the potential of utilizing immunotherapy in treating LUAD-BM as well as primary brain tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying New Contributors to Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis

Souza,

Forder,

Telkar

et al. 2023

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lung tumors frequently metastasize to the brain. Brain metastasis (BM) is common in advanced cases, and a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. The precise molecular mechanisms governing BM are still unclear, in part attributed to the rarity of BM specimens. In this work, we compile a unique transcriptomic dataset encompassing RNA-seq, microarray, and single-cell analyses from BM samples obtained from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By integrating this comprehensive dataset, we aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular landscape of BM, thereby facilitating the identification of novel and efficient treatment strategies. We identified 102 genes with significantly deregulated expression levels in BM tissues, and discovered transcriptional alterations affecting the key driver ‘hub’ genes CD69 (a type II C-lectin receptor) and GZMA (Granzyme A), indicating an important role of the immune system in the development of BM from primary LUAD. Our study demonstrated a BM-specific gene expression pattern and revealed the presence of dendritic cells and neutrophils in BM, suggesting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These findings highlight key drivers of LUAD-BM that may yield therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying New Contributors to Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis

Souza,

Forder,

Telkar

et al. 2023

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The brain microenvironment provides ample glutamine and tryptophan, facilitating tumor cells in adapting and utilizing these amino acids for their growth. Moreover, the accumulation of lactic acid in the TME boosts the expression of PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on tumor cells, resulting in the suppression of immune cell function ( 150 ). These immune contextures of the brain might require specific therapeutic approaches when treating patients with NSCLC and BMs.…”

Section: Resistance To Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy and brain metastasis in lung cancer: connecting bench side science to the clinic

Rios-Hoyo,

Arriola

2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common form of intracranial malignant neoplasms in adults, with a profound impact on quality of life and traditionally associated with a dismal prognosis. Lung cancer accounts for approximately 40%–50% of BM across different tumors. The process leading to BMs is complex and includes local invasion, intravasation, tumor cells circulation into the bloodstream, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, extravasation of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, and interaction with cells of the brain microenvironment, among others. Once the tumor cells have seeded in the brain parenchyma, they encounter different glial cells of the brain, as well as immune cells. The interaction between these cells and tumor cells is complex and is associated with both antitumoral and protumoral effects. To overcome the lethal prognosis associated with BMs, different treatment strategies have been developed, such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, which have demonstrated to be an effective treatment in both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. These antibodies have shown to be effective in the treatment of BM, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, many unsolved questions remain to be answered, such as the sequencing of immunotherapy and radiotherapy, the optimal management in symptomatic BMs, the role of the addition of anti–CTLA-4 antibodies, and so forth. The complexity in the management of BMs in the era of immunotherapy requires a multidisciplinary approach to adequately treat this devastating event. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence regarding epidemiology of BM, its pathophysiology, current approach to treatment strategies, as well as future perspectives.

show abstract

“…Gliomas are the most common malignant BTs and are more frequently diagnosed in men [ 11 , 12 ]. Malignant BTs are largely due to brain metastases and can be up to tenfold more common than primary tumors [ 13 ]. The increased prevalence of brain metastases is attributed to improved cancer care, and thus, cancer patients live longer with an estimated 20–40% likelihood of developing BTs [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study

Gesaka,

Okemwa,

Mwachaka

2024

Discov Onc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To determine the histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Methods This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at the Kenyatta National Hospital for the period 2016–2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors using the GNU PSPP version 1.6.2-g78a33 software. Results were presented in tables and figures. Results During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018. During the study period, 345 brain tumor records were retrieved. Data on age were missing 33 records; hence, 312 records were included for age analyses. The mean age for the pediatrics and adults was 9 (± 5 SD) and 45 (± 14 SD) years, respectively. 88 (28.2%) and 224 (71.8%) tumors were diagnosed among pediatrics and adults, respectively. Most tumors, 60 (19.2%) were reported in patients aged ≤ 10 years, followed by 55 (17.6%), 48 (15.4%), and 47 (15.1%) in patients aged 31–40, 51–60, and 41–50, years, respectively. In both pediatrics and adults, most tumors were diagnosed in females aged ≤ 10 years and 31–40 years, respectively. Overall, two peaks were observed in patients aged 5–15 years and 40–45 years. Gliomas, 43 (48.9%) and medulloblastomas, 21 (23.9%) were the most common tumors in pediatrics, whereas meningiomas, 107 (47.8%) and gliomas, 70 (31.3%) were the most common tumors in adults. Most pediatric and adult tumors were benign with 50 (56.8%) and 157 (70.1%) cases, respectively. Low-grade gliomas and medulloblastomas were the commonest benign and malignant tumors among pediatrics, with 31 (62%) and 21 (55.3%) cases, respectively. Conversely, meningiomas and high-grade gliomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors in adults, with 106 (67.5%) and 44 (65.7%) cases, respectively. Conclusion This study highlights the existing burden of brain tumors in Kenya and data from KNH may be representative of the national burden of BTs. This study lays a foundation for subsequent clinical and epidemiological studies and emphasizes the need to adopt existing reporting standards to help realize a complete picture of the burden of brain tumors in Kenya.

show abstract

Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 261 publications

Identifying New Contributors to Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis

Identifying New Contributors to Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis

Immunotherapy and brain metastasis in lung cancer: connecting bench side science to the clinic

Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About