Impact of CT Errors on Protective Relays—Case Studies and Analyses

Hunt, Richard

doi:10.1109/tia.2011.2175879

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…To estimate the flux density variance σ its calculated λ c must be known. According to [23] the λ c can be obtained using expression (1). In (1), due to unknown initial flux density which is represented as λ(n-1), there will be a shift between the reference λ and calculated λ c .…”

Section: Ct Saturation Detection Based On Mfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [23] the λ c can be obtained using expression (1). In (1), due to unknown initial flux density which is represented as λ(n-1), there will be a shift between the reference λ and calculated λ c . However, the shape of the calculated and reference flux density will match exactly which is an important fact for the MFD method.…”

Section: Ct Saturation Detection Based On Mfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information obtained from these CTs is used for both protection and metering systems. However, as shown in [1], during faults the core of such CTs can saturate and as a result a maloperation of the protection system (PS) may take place. According to [2] CT saturation affects sensitivity and time operation of PS as well as on the accuracy of the fault localization method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of the initial region of the current transformer core saturation

Odinaev¹,

Pazderin²,

Murzin³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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In the first part of the paper the detailed analysis of the existing current transformer (CT) saturation detection methods with their classification is presented. A new saturation detection method has been proposed in second part of the paper. Mathematical description of the method is given. In the next section of the paper a CT model with test scheme is presented. To identify the reliability of proposed method against nose and remanent flux density experiments have been produced in the fourth section. Comparative analysis between proposed and existing methods is also given. Finally, in conclusion a detailed description of the method is given regarding its behavior with respect to remanent flux and noise

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Section: Ct Saturation Detection Based On Mfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ct Saturation Detection Based On Mfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of the initial region of the current transformer core saturation

Odinaev¹,

Pazderin²,

Murzin³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Saturation of CTs is difficult to predict. Even CTs with identical nominal parameters could reproduce the same fault current differently [26]. The unfavorable influence of CT saturation on the operation of relay protection can be twofold.…”

Section: Concept Of Ref Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetizing current contains a slowly decaying DC component and a significant level of even and odd harmonics. The presence of the slowly decaying DC component may lead to CT saturation, even at lower values of the current [26], while the worst CT saturation is caused by a DC component in the primary current [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new algorithm for avoiding maloperation of transformer restricted earth fault protection caused by the transformer magnetizing inrush current and current transformer saturation

Krstivojevic¹,

Djurić²

2016

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Owing to current transformer (CT) saturation caused by a decaying direct current component in the magnetizing inrush current, the restricted earth fault (REF) protection of a power transformer could maloperate during magnetizing inrush. This paper presents a new transformer restricted earth fault relay algorithm that can prevent false relay tripping and provide proper action during the energization of a faulty transformer. The integral of the product of the signals that are compared is calculated over 1 half-period of the signals. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested and verified using a large number of transformer energization trials and fault cases. The signals required for testing of the algorithm were obtained by laboratory measurements, and then the algorithm was tested off-line. The influence of different levels of CT saturation due to different remanent fluxes in CT cores during power transformer energization was investigated. By applying computer simulations, the signals required for algorithm testing were generated. The investigation results presented in this paper show that the new algorithm provided sensitive protection for the power transformer for phase to ground faults and high security and stability during magnetizing inrush conditions in conjunction with CT saturation.

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Modeling and experimental validation of a dynamic regional saturation J-A model for protective current transformer

Duan

Lei

2019

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Impact of CT Errors on Protective Relays—Case Studies and Analyses

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of the initial region of the current transformer core saturation

Detection of the initial region of the current transformer core saturation

A new algorithm for avoiding maloperation of transformer restricted earth fault protection caused by the transformer magnetizing inrush current and current transformer saturation

Modeling and experimental validation of a dynamic regional saturation J-A model for protective current transformer

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