Impact of Culture Condition Modulation on the High-Yield, High-Specificity, and Cost-Effective Production of Terpenoids from Microbial Sources: a Review

Abstract

Recent years have seen a remarkable increase in the non-natural production of terpenoids from microbial route. This is due to the advancements in synthetic biology tools and techniques, which have overcome the challenges associated with the non-native production of terpenoids from microbial hosts. Although, microbes in their native form have ability to grow in wide range of physicochemical parameters such as, pH, temperature, agitation, aeration etc; however, after genetic modifications, culture conditions need to be optimized in order to achieve improved titers of desired terpenoids from engineered microbes. The physicochemical parameters together with medium supplements, such as, inducer, carbon and nitrogen source, and cofactor supply not only play an important role in high-yield production of target terpenoids from engineered host, but also reduce the accumulation of undesired metabolites in fermentation medium, thus facilitate product recovery. Further, for the economic production of terpenoids, the biomass derived sugars can be utilized together with the optimized culture conditions. In the present mini-review, we have highlighted the impact of culture conditions modulation on the high-yield and high-specificity production of terpenoids from engineered microbes. Lastly, utilization of economic feedstock has also been discussed for the cost-effective and sustainable production of terpenoids.

Biotechnologies in Perfume Manufacturing: Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoid Biosynthesis

“…Although plants are the natural source of terpenoids, recent years have been characterized by a remarkable increase in the production of terpenoids through the microbial route [26]. The use of microbial cell factories in the production of natural fragrance compounds may potentially overcome challenges that might come up not only with the traditional approaches but also with plant genetic engineering approaches.…”

“…Therefore, it could also be an option to transfer useful traits from nonconventional strains, such as tolerance factors, to the genetically well tractable platform hosts, depending on the complexity of the factors to be copied [28]. For example, E. coli in its native form can grow well at a temperature range of between 20 and 40 • C. On the other hand, B. subtilis can survive at high temperatures due to its spore-forming ability [26].…”

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from pine needles for biomedical and regenerative medicine applications

“…These dry needles are slippery also responsible for increasing pH of the surrounding soil. Scientific community nowadays is also looking for valorisation of waste for the production of potentially applicable commodities ranging from flavour, nutraceuticals to biomaterials [3,13]. Scientifically they possess high cellulosic content.…”

Alternative metabolic pathways and strategies to high-titre terpenoid production inEscherichia coli

“…Titres, however, can vary based on fermentation time and conditions, expression levels of genetic constructs, enzymatic activity of limiting steps, regulation points in the pathway, genetic background, carbon source and other factors. 11 Varied production conditions have led to some of the highest reported titres for different terpenoids (Table S1 † ). Reported titres measured under different production conditions are not necessarily the best metric of the effectiveness of a pathway tested.…”