Impact of Different Extraction Methods on Furanosesquiterpenoids Content and Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora myrrha Resin

Abstract

The oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora myrrha is one of the most known natural antimicrobial agents, mainly due to its furanosesquiterpenes. A validated method based on sample extraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by high-performance column chromatography (HPLC) determination is applied to analyze two furanosesquiterpenoids, namely, 2-methoxyfuranodiene (CM-1) and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (CM-2), existing in C. myrrha. The trial parameters that controlled the extraction prospective were studied and optimized. These include the nature of dispersant, mass ratio of sample to the dispersant, and the volume of elution solvent. A comparative antimicrobial study that used the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay (MIC) method between MSPD, ultrasonic, and Soxhlet of myrrh extracts was also conducted. The optimal MSPD parameters used were (i) 15 mL of methanol applied as elution solvent; (ii) silica gel/sample mass at a 2 : 1 ratio; and (iii) a dispersing sorbent selected as silica gel. Technique retrievals were regulated from 96.87% to 100.54%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.24% to 4.45%. Commiphora myrrha-MSPD (CM-MSPD) extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (156.25 μg/mL and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively) and antifungal activity (156.25 μg/mL). Yields acquired through the MSPD technique were larger than yields from other extraction techniques (sonication and traditional reflux extraction methods) with less consumption of time, sample, and solvent. The mode of antibacterial action of CM-1 and CM-2 was elucidated by performing molecular docking with bacterial DNA gyrase. Both the compounds interacted with key residues of DNA gyrase.

Pharmacological Studies on the Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Efficacies of Commiphora myrrha Resin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats: A Preclinical Study

“…Furthermore, Jagtap and Patil [55] and Abou Khalil et al [56] reported that MDA value was increased in the plasma as well as the pancreatic tissue of diabetes-induced rats, while it was significantly decreased by the treatment of diabetic animals with plant extracts (family Apiaceae). These results could be explained as mentioned by Alqahtani et al [10], who reported that C. myrrha has a great variation in furano-sesquiterpenoids, 2-methoxyfuranodiene and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene contents, possessing maximum antioxidant activity.…”

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of two extracts from Capparis spinosa L. and Rumex nervosus and molecular docking investigation of selected major compounds

“…However, the molecular docking analysis score showed good binding efficiency for palmitic acid and pyrogallol than the isopropyl-isothiocyanate docking score. Similar findings by Alqahtani et al (2021) studied the effect of extraction methods on furanose sesquiterpenoids content and the antibacterial activity of Commiphora myrrha resin. Also, Rubab et al (2018) observed similar findings when studying Chinese cabbage extract's preservative effect on their molecular docking, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.…”

“…Molecular docking analysis validated the data obtained and offered intelligible evidence of observed antibacterial activity for compounds identified by GC–MS in RN and CS extracts. During replication, bacterial DNA gyrase has been shown to bind DNA and introduce negative supercoils at the expense of ATP hydrolysis ( Alqahtani et al, 2021 ). Moreover, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) converts dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.…”

GC-MS Method for Quantification and Pharmacokinetic Study of Four Volatile Compounds in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Commiphora myrrh (Nees) Engl. Resin and In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation

“…The contents of curzerene, methoxyfuranodiene, β-elemene, and α-pinene in the C. myrrh resin extract were quantitatively measured by GC-MS. The crude C. myrrh resin was extracted according to our previously described method [2,4]. Briefly, the dried oleogum resin of C. myrrh (1 kg) was extracted with 2 L of ethanol (95%) for 3 days using cold maceration.…”

“…Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. is a medicinal plant belonging to the genus Commiphora (Burseraceae family) and mainly grows in Yemen and the southern regions of Saudi Arabia [1,2]. C. myrrh is known to produce a natural compound (oleo-gum-resin), known as myrrh [3,4].…”