Impact of nanosizing on the formation and characteristics of polymethacrylate films: micro- versus nano-suspensions

Abstract

Aqueous-based film coating suspensions are associated with reliance on alkalinising reagents and poor film formation. The impact of particle size in this process and resultant film properties remains unclear. This study offers the first direct comparison of film formation properties between aqueous micro-and nano-suspensions of the enteric polymer Eudragit S100. High-pressure homogenisation was employed to produce nano-suspensions of the enteric polymer. Formed enteric suspensions (micro-and nano-) were evaluated in terms of size, morphology, and ability to form film; with resultant films analysed in terms of; film thickness, mechanical and thermoplastic properties, water uptake, weight loss, and drug permeability in acidic medium. High-pressure homogenisation yielded particles within a submicron range (150-200 nm). Produced nano-suspensions formed significantly thinner films (p < 0.01), at lower plasticiser concentrations, than films cast from micro-suspensions (differences in thickness up to 100 mm); however, exhibited comparative gastro-resistant properties (p > 0.05) in terms of water uptake ($25% w/w), weight loss (<16% w/w) and drug permeability (<0.1%). Interestingly, nano-suspension-based films exhibited lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) (p < 0.01), when compared to films cast from micro-suspensions ($7-20 C difference), indicating enhanced plasticisation. This was reflected in film mechanical properties; where nano-suspension-based films demonstrated significantly lower tensile strength (p < 0.01) and higher percentage elongation (p < 0.05), suggesting high elasticity. Thinner, highly elastic films were formed from nano-suspensions, compared to films cast from micro-suspensions, exhibiting comparative properties; obviating the need for alkalinising agents and high concentrations of plasticiser.

Superior possibilities and upcoming horizons for nanoscience in COVID-19: noteworthy approach for effective diagnostics and management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak

“…Conventional therapeutic administration is limited by the high dosage of fucoxanthin extract and its solubility properties. However, nanosuspension materials could easily overcome these limitations (Yousaf et al 2021 ).…”

Formulation and optimization of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with riolozatrione: a promising nanoformulation with potential antiherpetic activity

“…Spectra were obtained for each of the NPR components separately (Eudragit ® L100-55 and RZ), as well as for the NPR. Films of NPR were prepared by direct casting of 250 µL of the dispersion onto Teflon plates, followed by a drying time of 12 h at 30 °C (27). Each measurement was performed in triplicate.…”

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems as promising carriers for patients with COVID-19

“…In addition, they improve the dissolution speed and saturation solubility of the drugs. 143 For example, fucoxanthin is insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in acetone and possesses an excellent thermostability and stability at a wide pH range. Acute toxicity was examined (LD 50 ; 2000 mg kg −1 ) and was found to be non-toxic.…”