Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: A systematic review

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the most recent widely accepted guidelines for risk factor control interventions and to assess their impact in patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods: The electronic search strategy included a first systematic search to identify guidelines for interventions for smoking cessation, diabetes control, physical exercise (activity), change of diet, carbohydrate (dietary sugar) reduction and weight loss in the general population and a second systematic search to identify the studies evaluating these interventions in periodontitis patients. Results: A total of 13 guidelines and 25 studies were selected. Most guidelines included recommendations for all healthcare providers to provide interventions and follow-up counselling with the risk factors considered in the present review. In patients with periodontitis, interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control were shown to improve periodontal health while the impact of dietary interventions and the promotion of other healthy lifestyles were moderate or limited. Conclusions: While aiming to improve treatment outcomes and the maintenance of periodontal health, current evidence suggests that interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes control are effective, thus emphasizing the need of behavioural support in periodontal care.

Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline

“…Supporting literature Ramseier et al (2020) Grade of recommendation Grade 0-Statement: unclear, additional research needed…”

“…In the systematic review (Ramseier et al., 2020), five prospective studies, in obese gingivitis/periodontitis patients, on the impact of weight loss interventions were identified, with different follow‐ups (18 months, 12 months, 24 weeks and two studies of 12 weeks). Periodontal interventions were not clearly defined.…”

“…In the systematic review (Ramseier et al., 2020), none of the identified studies was performed in patients in supportive periodontal care. Indirect evidence (see section on active periodontal therapy) suggests that diabetes control interventions ought to be implemented in supportive periodontal care patients.…”

“…In the systematic review (Ramseier et al., 2020), two studies on the impact of diabetes control interventions in periodontitis patients were identified, two of them 6‐month RCTs, all of them performed at university settings. Periodontal interventions were not clearly defined.…”

“…Supporting literatureRamseier et al (2020) Quality of evidence Five prospective studiesGrade of recommendationGrade 0-Statement: unclear, additional research needed Strength of consensus Strong consensus (0% of the group abstained due to potential CoI) Background Intervention Available evidence suggests that weight loss interventions may improve both the treatment and long-term outcome of chronic non-communicable diseases. In periodontitis patients, these interventions may consist of specific educational messages tailored to the patients' age and general health.…”