Impact of social disparities on 10 year survival rates in paediatric cancers: a cohort study

Chalfant, Victor; Riveros, Carlos; Bradfield, Scott; Stec, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100454

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Parent's education, cultural views, access to healthcare and family income are some of the other factors linked to poor survival in children from different ethnic backgrounds. Most children that lived in socially deprived regions had higher death rates than those that lived in socially affluent areas and it was reported that lack of access to the healthcare system, to specialised health care providers and to different clinical management regimens had a profound consequence on the survival of paediatric cancer patients 8,70–72 …”

Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse High‐grade Ast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most children that lived in socially deprived regions had higher death rates than those that lived in socially affluent areas and it was reported that lack of access to the healthcare system, to specialised health care providers and to different clinical management regimens had a profound consequence on the survival of paediatric cancer patients. 8 , 70 , 71 , 72 …”

Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse High‐grade Ast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Johns,

Williams,

Smith

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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Paediatric and adult astrocytomas are notably different, where clinical treatments used for adults are not as effective on children with the same form of cancer and these treatments lead to adverse long‐term health concerns. Integrative omics‐based studies have shown the pathology and fundamental molecular characteristics differ significantly and cannot be extrapolated from the more widely studied adult disease. Recent clinical advances in our understanding of paediatric astrocytomas, with the aid of next‐generation sequencing and epigenome‐wide profiling, have led to the identification of key canonical mutations that vary based on the tumour location and age of onset. These driver mutations, in particular the identification of the recurrent histone H3 mutations in high‐grade tumours, have confirmed the important role epigenetic dysregulations play in cancer progression. This review summarises the current updates of the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of paediatric astrocytoma based on their grades and the ongoing clinical trials. It also provides novel insights on genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers, highlighting the potential of targeting these pathways as therapeutics for this devastating childhood cancer.

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Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse High‐grade Ast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse High‐grade Ast...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Johns,

Williams,

Smith

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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“… 10 , 11 Composite measures of several determinants, such as the social vulnerability or social deprivation indices, have also been identified as potential risk prediction tools for cancer mortality. 12 , 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of county level poverty with mortality from primary liver cancers

Ledenko,

Patel

2024

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundThe highly variable occurrence of primary liver cancers across the United States emphasize the relevance of location‐based factors. Social determinants such as income, educational attainment, housing, and other factors may contribute to regional variations in outcomes. To evaluate their impact, this study identified and analyzed clusters of high mortality from primary liver cancers and the association of location‐based determinants with mortality across the contiguous United States.MethodsA geospatial analysis of age‐adjusted incidence and standardized mortality rates from primary liver cancers from 2000 to 2020 was performed. Local indicators of spatial association identified hot‐spots, clusters of counties with significantly higher mortality. Temporal analysis of locations with persistent poverty, defined as high (>20%) poverty for at least 30 years, was performed. Social determinants were analyzed individually or globally using composite measures such as the social vulnerability index or social deprivation index. Disparities in county level social determinants between hot‐spots and non‐hot‐spots were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThere are distinct clusters of liver cancer incidence and mortality, with hotspots in east Texas and Louisiana. The percentage of people living below the poverty line or Hispanics had a significantly higher odds ratio for being in the top quintile for mortality rates in comparison to other quintiles and were highly connected with mortality rates. Current and persistent poverty were both associated with an evolution from non‐hotspots to new hotspots of mortality. Hotspots were predominantly associated with locations with significant levels of socioeconomic vulnerability or deprivation.ConclusionsPoverty at a county level is associated with mortality from primary liver cancer and clusters of higher mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing poverty and related socio‐economic determinants as modifiable factors in public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing mortality from primary liver cancers.

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The most vulnerable pediatric cancer patients

Graetz

2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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Impact of social disparities on 10 year survival rates in paediatric cancers: a cohort study

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Association of county level poverty with mortality from primary liver cancers

The most vulnerable pediatric cancer patients

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