Impact of trace elements and risk factor for glaucoma pathogenesis

Abstract

Glaucoma is a multifunctional disease with several trace elements associated with its pathophysiology. This review aimed to provide readers with a sound and scientific understanding of the risk factors related to the pathogenicity of the disease. This review covers the aspects of investigating trace element risk factors associated with glaucomatous pathogenesis from a fundamental biomechanical point of view. A study of a significant amount of literature suggests that several trace element elements are associated with intraocular pressure (IOP), trabecular meshwork, and optical nerve oxidative stress changes in complex eye diseases. Traces such as selenium, chromium, manganese, magnesium, iron, cobalt, copper, and zinc elements are significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Other risk factors, such as trace elements, modulate opposing aqueous humor production and outflow dynamics, extracellular matrix structure and function, and neurotransmitter release. The current evidence and human expertise help us understand that our diet contains numerous factors that may influence optically dynamic parameters, such as IOP and drug outcome effectiveness.