Impact of Verb Tense on Response to the Four-Dimensional Symptom 					Questionnaire (4DSQ)

Terluin, Berend; Marchand, Miquelle A. G.; Vet, Henrica C.W. de; Brouwers, Evelien P. M.

doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000226

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unfortunately, however, the forms were swapped so that the smaller subsample was presented with the standard form and the greater subsample with the alternative form. As it was suspected that the form could have an effect on the way people respond to the 4DSQ (which was later partly confirmed [ 51 ]), it was decided to present the standard form of the 4DSQ again in October to those panel members who had not completed a standard 4DSQ in July. The present study includes the responders who completed the standard present tense form of the 4DSQ, either in July or in October.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in the general population: scale structure, reliability, measurement invariance and normative data: a cross-sectional survey

Terluin,

Smits,

Brouwers

et al. 2016

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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BackgroundThe Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) is a self-report questionnaire measuring distress, depression, anxiety and somatization with separate scales. The 4DSQ has extensively been validated in clinical samples, especially from primary care settings. Information about measurement properties and normative data in the general population was lacking. In a Dutch general population sample we examined the 4DSQ scales’ structure, the scales’ reliability and measurement invariance with respect to gender, age and education, the scales’ score distributions across demographic categories, and normative data.Methods4DSQ data were collected in a representative Dutch Internet panel. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the scales’ structure. Reliability was examined by Cronbach’s alpha, and coefficients omega-total and omega-hierarchical. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was used to evaluate measurement invariance across gender, age and education.ResultsThe total response rate was 82.4 % (n = 5273/6399). The depression scale proved to be unidimensional. The other scales were best represented as bifactor models consisting of a large general factor and one or more smaller specific factors. The general factors accounted for more than 95 % of the reliable variance of the scales. Reliability was high (≥0.85) by all estimates. The distress-, depression- and anxiety scales were invariant across gender, age and education. The somatization scale demonstrated some lack of measurement invariance as a result of decreased thresholds for some of the items in young people (16–24 years) and increased thresholds in elderly people (65+ years). The somatization scale was invariant regarding gender and education. The 4DSQ scores varied significantly across demographic categories, but the explained variance was small (<6 %). Normative data were generated for gender and age categories. Approximately 17 % of the participants scored above average on de distress scale, whereas 12 % scored above average on de somatization scale. Percentages of people scoring high enough on depression or anxiety as to suspect the presence of depressive or anxiety disorder were 4.1 and 2.5 respectively.ConclusionsEvidence supports reliability and measurement invariance of the 4DSQ in the general Dutch population. The normative data provided in this study can be used to compare a subject’s 4DSQ scores with a general population reference group.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0533-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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confidence: 99%

The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in the general population: scale structure, reliability, measurement invariance and normative data: a cross-sectional survey

Terluin,

Smits,

Brouwers

et al. 2016

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…Participants are remunerated with 7.50 Euro (8.00 USD) per 30 minutes of completing questionnaires. In the context of another study, Terluin, Marchand, De Vet, and Brouwers (2015) presented the 4DSQ in July 2013 to all persons registered aged 16 and older. To ensure comparability to the English sample, only Dutch participants aged at least 18 years and who had at least one appointment with a psychiatrist, psychologist, or psychotherapist during the past year (N = 343) were considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in a mental health setting

Kleinstäuber

Exner

Lambert

et al. 2021

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Mental health problems are highly prevalent in primary care. Validated tools to detect mental disorders in general practice are needed. The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) was designed to help GPs differentiating between psychological distress and psychopathological conditions (depression, anxiety, somatization). The aim of the current study was to examine psychometric properties of the 4DSQ in a mental health setting. Reliability, factorial, construct, and criterion validity of the English translation of the 4DSQ were analyzed in an American sample of 159 patients attending a psychotherapy outpatient clinic. Measurement equivalence across languages was determined by analyzing differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) in the American sample and a Dutch mental health sample, matched by age and sex. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed all 4DSQ subscales to be unidimensional. All 4DSQ subscales revealed excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald omega ≥.90) and high correlations with a symptom distress subscale of an instrument that is commonly used to monitor psychotherapy progress, the Outcome Questionnaire-45. Eight items were flagged with DIF. The Depression subscale was free of DIF. DTF analyses showed an impact of DIF on scale level for the lower cutoff score of the Distress scale. The 4DSQ Distress score was the best predictor of a mood disorder diagnosis and the Anxiety score outperformed other 4DSQ scales to predict an anxiety disorder. In conclusion, the 4DSQ demonstrates excellent reliability and validity in a mental health setting. Further research is needed to determine reliable cutoff values on 4DSQ subscales to predict psychiatric diagnoses.

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Cross-cultural validation of the German version of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in multimorbid elderly people

et al. 2018

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Impact of Verb Tense on Response to the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ)

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in the general population: scale structure, reliability, measurement invariance and normative data: a cross-sectional survey

The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in the general population: scale structure, reliability, measurement invariance and normative data: a cross-sectional survey

Validation of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in a mental health setting

Cross-cultural validation of the German version of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) in multimorbid elderly people

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