Impacts of Air Pollution on Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Systems

Prasad, R.; Paudel, Sandeep

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3481-2_8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). However, it is not just greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that affect the environment and health; ambient air pollution also poses a significant environmental health challenge, impacting populations across all income levels, from low-to high-income nations [8][9][10][11]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has shed light on the specific health impacts of ambient air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Additional Benefits of Thailand’s Approaches to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions

Thanatrakolsri,

Sirithian

2024

Energies

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Air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) represent major challenges in our era, contributing to climate change and global health issues. These problems arise from a variety of well-known sources, including motor vehicles. Almost all nations, Thailand included, have formulated and implemented policies to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in line with the requirements and commitments of the Paris Agreement. The evaluation of specific air pollutants and GHG emissions originating from road vehicles utilises the Thailand database, referencing the year 2019. Data intersections from 2019 to 2022 are grounded in actual data collected from relevant departments in Thailand, while projections for 2023–2030 are forecasted based on the baseline year. The secondary database used in the International Vehicle Emission model is adjusted according to real-world driving data to accurately reflect country-specific emission factors. Dynamic emission factors for specific air pollutants and GHGs are evaluated and integrated with the average Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) for each vehicle category. The Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario is then examined, based on existing policies aimed at reducing air pollutants and GHG emissions in Thailand’s transport sector. These policies include strategies for the adoption of electric vehicles and the promotion of public transport to reduce VKT. Under the BAU scenario, the overall number of road vehicles in Thailand, including passenger cars, motorcycles, pickups, vans, trucks, and buses, is expected to increase by approximately 6.58% by 2030, leading to a rise in specific air pollutants and GHG emissions compared to the 2019 baseline. However, by adhering to Thailand’s strategies and transitioning to new electric passenger cars and buses, greenhouse gas emissions and specific air pollutants from the road transport sector will be significantly reduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Additional Benefits of Thailand’s Approaches to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions

Thanatrakolsri,

Sirithian

2024

Energies

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“…In addition to the increase in population, there is an increase in industrialization leading to severe urban air pollution, which has resulted in South Asian countries being among the most polluted in the world 2 . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the present day due to increase in exposure to varied air pollutants 3 . These pollutants were also related to the cause of other conditions like asthma, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancers 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor air pollution impacts chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths in South Asia and China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shetty¹,

Anand²,

Prasad³

2022

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: Chronic obstructive lung disease is among leading causes of death globally. Exposure to outdoor pollution is an important cause for increased mortality and morbidity. Objective: To present a systemic synthesis evidence regarding impact of outdoor pollution on COPD mortality in south asia and china. Methods: A systematic search on studies with statistical power has been conducted from 1990 - June 30th 2021, in English electronic databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from MEDLINE and PUBMED databases with terms: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease OR COPD OR Chronic Bronchitis OR Emphysema OR COPD Deaths OR Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease OR Airflow Obstruction OR Chronic Airflow Obstruction OR Airflow Obstruction, Chronic OR Bronchitis, Chronic AND Mortality OR Death OR Deceased AND Outdoor pollution, ambient pollution was conducted. Results: Out of 1899 papers screened only 16 found eligible to be included in the study. Subjects with COPD exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution had a 49 % higher risk of death as compared to COPD subjects exposed to lower levels of outdoor air pollution. When taken individual pollutants into consideration, common air pollutants like PM10 had an OR of 1.06 at CI 95%, where as SO2 had OR of 0.66 at 95% CI , and NO2 with 1.01 OR at 95% CI. These values suggest that there is an effect of outdoor pollution on COPD but not to a significant level. Conclusion: Despite heterogeneity across selected studies, exposure to outdoor pollutants found to have risk of COPD mortality. Though it appears to have risk, COPD mortality was not significantly associated with outdoor pollutants. Controlling air pollution can substantially decrease the risk of COPD in South Asia and China. Further research including more prospective and longitudinal studies are urgently needed in COPD sub-groups.

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An Enhanced IoT-Based Array of Sensors for Monitoring Patients’ Health

et al. 2022

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The advancement of information technology is demonstrated by the emergence of the Internet of Things, which impacts many areas, such as health care and health services. Internet of Things has grown its branches in nearly all areas due to its enormous characteristics. Due to the current pandemic that has created a gap between doctors and their patients, an intelligent health monitoring system for exact and precise tracking of a patient's health is crucial. Various health monitoring systems are being developed on the button of current growths in the Internet of Things. However, there exist some shortcomings in the likes of range of connectivity, cost, and portability. This study aims to develop an enhanced Internet of Things-based patients' health monitoring system consisting of four vital sensors: temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, pulse sensor, and a UV sensor. These sensory units are attached to the Arduino nano board, and the data gotten from these sensors are stored in a ThingSpeak cloud with the ESP8266-01 wi-fi Access Module communicating. The proposed solution is fully tested on 25 live patients, and the overall results with respect to the output of the sensors with given live temperature, Heartbeat, pulse rate, and UV readings showed an automated response of sensors and significant improvements to the availability of patients vitals in real-time with a least average response time of 7seconds. In conclusion, our experimental results showed an advancement in existing studies regarding numbers of measured parameters, deployment environment, and response time.

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Impacts of Air Pollution on Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 136 publications

Assessing the Additional Benefits of Thailand’s Approaches to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions

Assessing the Additional Benefits of Thailand’s Approaches to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions

Outdoor air pollution impacts chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths in South Asia and China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

An Enhanced IoT-Based Array of Sensors for Monitoring Patients’ Health

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