Impacts of ontogenetically migrating copepods on downward carbon flux in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean

Kobari, Toru; Steinberg, Deborah K.; Ueda, Ai; Tsuda, Atsushi; Silver, Mary W.; Kitamura, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.016

Cited by 86 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Metridia pacifica has been reported to be dormant in the Sea of Japan (Hirakawa & Imamura 1993) and the Oyashio region (Padmavati et al 2004). Contrary to these reports, active diel vertical migration during summer in the present region (Kobari et al 2008) suggests that there is no dormancy during summer in this region.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…In the present study, the dominance of C5 in N. flemingeri in contrast to that of early stages of N. plumchrus in June 2009 is explainable by the difference in their life cycle schema, that is, earlier development in N. flemingeri than in N. plumchrus. Kobari et al (2008) revealed that during 31 July-16 August 2005, which was a season more than a month later than in the present study, N. flemingeri was distributed at 200-500 m during both day and night while N. plumchrus was distributed mostly at 0-50 m during both day and night. These vertical distributions may also be explained by the above life cycle schema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 38%

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East-west differences in population structure and vertical distribution of copepods along 47^|^deg;N in the subarctic Pacific in June 2009

Yamaguchi

Homma

Saito

et al. 2013

Plankton Benthos Res

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Stratified zooplankton sampling was conducted in the subarctic Pacific in June 2009 at four stations along 47°N from 0 to 3,000 m depth to evaluate longitudinal changes in population structure and vertical distribution of the dominant copepod species. At the westernmost station (160°E), the population structure of Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica was dominated by early copepodid stages. In E. bungii, nauplii were abundant and adult females had developed ovaries at 160°E, while at the three stations to the east (167°E, 174°E and 179°W), no E. bungii nauplii were collected, and the resting stages were dominant. This suggests the species was reproducing near 160°E and in diapause in the east. In all three Neocalanus species analyzed (N. cristatus, N. flemingeri and N. plumchrus), late copepodid stages were dominant at the eastern three stations. Lipid accumulation in the fifth copepodid stage of Neocalanus spp. was greater in the west than in the east. This probably resulted from better food conditions and lower temperatures in the west, where copepods could consume more food during development than in the east.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 38%

East-west differences in population structure and vertical distribution of copepods along 47^|^deg;N in the subarctic Pacific in June 2009

Yamaguchi

Homma

Saito

et al. 2013

Plankton Benthos Res

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“…It suggests that 52 to 44 mg C m -2 d -1 of new production should be grazed and / or released as DOC between 50 and 150m. These values are not unfounded regarding the metabolic carbon demand estimated for euphotic (Kobari et al, 2008-this issue) and mesopelagic (Steinberg et al, 2008) …”

Section: Conclusion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, not all of the exportable carbon estimated from new production is exported as a vertical POC flux; part may be exported out of the area by advective transport of either POC or DOC (Bronk et al, 1994). In the mesopelagic (below 150m) the vertical supply of DOC from the euphotic zone could support a portion of the heterotrophic carbon demand, but not sufficiently (Steinberg et al, 2008). Instead, the mesopelagic carbon demand is probably sustained by the surface feeding of migrating zooplankton and their transport back to deeper layers, where they can excrete dissolved organic matter and release faecal pellets (Steinberg et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mesopelagic (below 150m) the vertical supply of DOC from the euphotic zone could support a portion of the heterotrophic carbon demand, but not sufficiently (Steinberg et al, 2008). Instead, the mesopelagic carbon demand is probably sustained by the surface feeding of migrating zooplankton and their transport back to deeper layers, where they can excrete dissolved organic matter and release faecal pellets (Steinberg et al, 2008). This observation must be taken into account for the interpretation of data in Table 2 since it would bypass the shallow traps.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Primary, new and export production in the NW Pacific subarctic gyre during the vertigo K2 experiments

Elskens

Brion

Buesseler

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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This paper presents results on tracer experiments using 13 C and 15 N to estimate uptake rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrogen (DIN).Experiments were carried out at station K2 (47°N, 161°E) in the NW Pacific subarctic gyre during July-August 2005. Our goal was to investigate relationships between new and export production. New production was inferred from the tracer experiments using the f ratio concept (0-50m); while export production was assessed with neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBSTs) and the e ratio concept (at 150m). During trap deployments, K2 was characterized both by changes in primary production (523 to 404), new production (119 to 67 mg C m -2 d -1), export production (68 to 24 mg) and phytoplankton composition (high to low proportion of diatoms). The data indicate that 17 to 23% of primary production is exportable to deeper layers (f ratio) but 2 only 6 to 13% collected as a sinking particle flux at 150m (e ratio). Accordingly, > 80% of the carbon fixed by phytoplankton would be mineralized in the upper 50m (1 -f), while < 11% would be within 50-150m (f -e). DIN uptake flux amounted to 0.5 mM m -2 h -1, which was equivalent to about 95% particulate nitrogen (PN) remineralized and/or grazed within the upper 150 m. Most of the shallow PN remineralization occurred just above the depth of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), where a net ammonium production was measured. Below the DCM, while nitrate uptake rates became negligible because of light limitation, ammonium uptake did continue to be significant. The uptake of ammonium by heterotrophic bacteria was estimated to be 14-17% of the DIN assimilation. Less clear are the consequences of this uptake on the phytoplankton community and biogeochemical processes, e.g. new production. It was suggested that competition for ammonium could select for small cells and may force large diatoms to use nitrate. This implies that under Fe stress as observed here, ammonium uptake is preferred and new production progressively suppressed despite the surplus of nitrate. .

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Calanus hyperboreus and the lipid pump

Visser

Grønning

Jónasdóttir

2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Lipid-fuelled overwintering by copepods can be a regionally important contribution to carbon sequestration in the deep oceans. Here, we estimate the contribution for Calanus hyperboreus, found in abundance in the northern reaches of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Estimates for regions with high overwintering populations, Fram Strait, Greenland Sea and Iceland Sea lie between 3.5 gC m 22 yr 21 and 6.0 gC m 22 yr 21 at depths of 1000-3000 m, comparable to the flux of detrital organic carbon at commensurate depths. Apart from the variation in the abundance of overwintering populations, these estimates are most sensitive to mortality rates. We present a general model based on metabolic theory and isomorphism that can be used to constrain estimates for data poor species in other parts of the global ocean.

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Impacts of ontogenetically migrating copepods on downward carbon flux in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean

Cited by 86 publications

References 58 publications

East-west differences in population structure and vertical distribution of copepods along 47^|^deg;N in the subarctic Pacific in June 2009

East-west differences in population structure and vertical distribution of copepods along 47^|^deg;N in the subarctic Pacific in June 2009

Primary, new and export production in the NW Pacific subarctic gyre during the vertigo K2 experiments

Calanus hyperboreus and the lipid pump

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