Impacts of reactant flow nonuniformity on fuel cell performance and scaling-up: Comprehensive review, critical analysis and potential recommendations

Mortada, Mostafa; Ramadan, Haïtham Saad Mohamed; Faraj, Jalal; Faraj, Ahmad; Hage, Hicham El; Khaled, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.013

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Thus, the air compressor in a commercial fuel cell system is operated to supply the minimal required airflow for proper cell operation. Several effects might lead to a reactant maldistribution among the induvial cells within a stack [38] . At low air stoichiometries, there is a risk of oxygen starvation which is a typical fault during the operation [39] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several effects might lead to a reactant maldistribution among the induvial cells within a stack. [38] At low air stoichiometries, there is a risk of oxygen starvation which is a typical fault during the operation. [39] In this case, the cathode electrode is at least partially free of oxygen, which is also described in this work.…”

Section: Detection Of Oxygen Starvation In Fuel Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation

et al. 2020

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The interest in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for automotive applications is nowadays increasing. To run such systems efficiently, the operating strategy relies on information about the stacks operational conditions. The cell capacitance, in most cases, contains such information and it can be measured in real‐time using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, the influence of the operating conditions on the cell capacitance is poorly understood so far. Therefore, this work analyses the influence of the oxygen content and cell voltage. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy data show equal hydrogen adsorption charges in oxygen‐free operation. In oxygen‐saturated atmosphere, the adsorption capacitance below 0.40 V is suppressed, probably owing to the fast adsorption of OH*. However, this allows distinction between the oxygen‐free and oxygen‐saturated conditions, as in the first case the total capacitance is significantly larger. Thus, an impedance‐based operation strategy could detect oxygen undersupply in the fuel cells in real‐time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Oxygen Starvation In Fuel Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation

et al. 2020

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“…MFC stacking generally involves external pumps to maintain the co‐laminar flow and complex fluidic management networks for homogeneous flow and reactant distributions 24 . To deal with these issues, various strategies have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MFC stacking generally involves external pumps to maintain the co-laminar flow and complex fluidic management networks for homogeneous flow and reactant distributions. 24 To deal with these issues, various strategies have been developed. Ho et al introduced two planar cell multiplexing strategies based on asymmetric unilateral and symmetric bilateral device layouts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paper‐based self‐pumping microfluidic fuel cell stack with a novel vertical structure

Xü

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) stacking is a prerequisite to enhance its power output for practical applications. However, most MFC stacks reported in the present literature require external pumps to maintain the co‐laminar flow and complex fluidic management networks for homogeneous flow and reactant distributions. To address these issues, a novel paper‐based self‐pumping MFC stack with potassium formate as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant is proposed in this study. The capillary action is employed to achieve passive liquid flow. A vertical stack structure with the unit cells piled one above another compactly is adopted to reduce the volumetric costs. The experimental results show that the maximum power outputs of the two‐cell and three‐cell stack prototypes are 4.01 and 7.26 mW cm−2, outperforming the MFC unit by 5.81 and 10.52 times, respectively. The superior performance is attributed to its distinct vertical stacking structure, which brings the enhanced capillary flows in the paper wicks and reduced ohmic losses in comparison with the unit cell. Further, effects of the filter paper and reactant concentrations on the stack performance were examined, and mass transfer of the fuel and/or oxidant to the electrode/electrolyte interface was identified as the main limiting factor. A loose microstructure of the paper wick was found beneficial in enhancing the mass transfer. The potential applications of the MFC stack in a variety of portable electronics are broad.

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“…Wang et al [8] studied the effects of operating conditions on the PEMFC performance with anode recirculation. Mortada et al [9] discussed the impact of the reactant flow nonuniformity on the performance. Some developed the thermal or water management modeling of the PEMFC stack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis and management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks for automotive vehicle

Xing

Chang

Zhu

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Impacts of reactant flow nonuniformity on fuel cell performance and scaling-up: Comprehensive review, critical analysis and potential recommendations

Cited by 17 publications

References 214 publications

Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation

Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation

A paper‐based self‐pumping microfluidic fuel cell stack with a novel vertical structure

Thermal analysis and management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks for automotive vehicle

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