Impacts on the Implementation of Social Policy: Comparative Study in Malaysia and Indonesia

Abstract

Prolonged debate exists concerning the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs through micro-credit to the well-being of the poor. Some studies showed that microcredit have positive impact to the poor people's lives. However, other studies stated that what actually seemed as a remedy is actually just an increase in the business income that does not necessarily bring about to a better well-being of the poor. This paper identifies the impact of the implementation of social interventions brought in through micro-credit schemes of poverty alleviation programs for the welfare being of society in Malaysia and Indonesia. The methodology used was a combination of the quantitative and qualitative methods aimed to get the maximum results based on Standard Model of Social Development. Data analysis performed on the respondents indicated four factors leading to the failure of the welfare of the community. These factors are social networks, community participation, community development and employment opportunities. This research suggests that agencies involved in poverty alleviation through micro-credit schemes must carry out appropriate efforts towards the empowerment and active participation of the respondents in social and economic investment as stated in the Standard Model of Social Development.

Community-Based Empowerment: Semi-Systematic Literature Review (SSLR)

“…Group Discussion (FGD) (Laurens & Putra, 2020), Geographic Information System -ATLAS.ti-MACTOR (Mafruhah et al, 2020), descriptive (Erbaugh, 2019), Loqation Quotion -SWOT -Trend -Analysis of Community Economic Empowerment in the agricultural subsector (Cahyono et al, 2018). The case studies studied were in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Rachmawatie et al, 2020), Rawa Danau-Banten (Sjaifuddin, 2020), Indonesia (Dahliah et al, 2020;Erbaugh, 2019)Ponggok Village-Central Java Province (Purnomo et al, 2020), Central Java (Anwar et al, 2019Mafruhah et al, 2020), North Morowali Regency-Central Sulawesi Province (Laurens & Putra, 2020), Lumajang district (Cahyono et al, 2018), Banjarbaru-South Kalimantan (Nuzuli et al, 2015), Malaysia and Indonesia (Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015).…”

“…Conceptually, empowerment is an effort to increase the dignity of the community so that it is free from poverty and backwardness with the subject of himself or through increasing his potential abilities (Udin, 2020). The poverty alleviation program must help participants achieve their social and economic welfare through empowerment in social investment and active participation in economic investment (Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015). Empowerment is an effort to build strength itself, by encouraging, motivating, raising awareness of its potential, and 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6541…”

“…Therefore, community empowerment requires improving the quality of human resources and providing assistance to the community so that environmental sustainability can be maintained and prosperity is achieved (Erbaugh, 2019;Mafruhah et al, 2020). The application of community empowerment in Indonesia for example the National Program for Community Empowerment Mandiri (PNPM Mandiri) as an umbrella for all poverty reduction programs in the country which was launched in 2007 as a poverty alleviation mechanism that involves community development which includes activities such as planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015). Furthermore, one of the strategies To enhance the effectiveness of antipoverty measures in the Presidential Decree (2010) focuses on community empowerment, meaning that community empowerment is One of the Key Strategies to overcome poverty in Indonesia (Laurens & Putra, 2020).…”

Abordagens qualitativas em estudos sobre pobreza: uma revisão estruturada da literatura

“…Observação de pessoas pobres em situação de vulnerabilidade por causa da volatilidade de preços de alimentos. (Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015) Identificar o impacto da implementação de intervenções sociais trazidas através de esquemas de microcrédito de programas de alívio da pobreza para o bem-estar da sociedade na Malásia e Indonésia.…”

Welfare Incentives and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Self-Rated Well-Being in Malaysia

“…This condition leads to more evidence being required to discover the effectiveness of the welfare incentives at the same time considering socio-demographic determinants towards the level of well-being in Malaysia. As of now, research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of consumption, perception, satisfaction and most of the subjects tend to focus on great scales such as the impact of poverty alleviation, social protection, social policy and social welfare without completely considering the socio-demographic determinants (Kamaruddin, Othman, & Denan, 2013;Nixon, Asada, & Koen, 2017;Siwar, Ahmed, Bashawir & Mia, 2016;Zainudin & Kamarudin, 2015).…”