Impairment in drivers due to cannabis in combination with other drugs

Gjerde, Hallvard; Kinn, Gunnar

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(91)90133-4

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to these latest evidences, it is believed that the assumption of synthetic cannabinoids may induce marked sensorimotor alterations which could result in a significant detrimental effect on driving skills (Yeakel and Logan, 2013;Musshoff et al, 2014). This hypothesis is in line with previous studies showing that intake of D 9 -THC impairs driving ability (Gjerde and Kinn, 1991;Liguori et al, 1998;Ramaekers et al, 2004;Hartman and Huestis, 2013;Downey et al, 2013) and degrades flight simulator performance in experienced pilots (Janowsky et al, 1976;Leirer et al, 1989Leirer et al, , 1991. In fact, the ability of an individual to respond to an adverse situation during the execution of complex motor tasks (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

et al. 2015

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“…Assuming positive monotonicity, i.e., both exposures (marijuana and alcohol) are never protective, the positive additive interaction suffices for mechanistic or sufficient cause interaction (Tarone 1985; VanderWeele & Robins 2007), which is indicative of synergism. These findings are important because the possible interaction between marijuana and alcohol on driving safety has long been a cause of concern (Sutton 1983; Gjerde & Kinn 1991; Stramer & Bird 1984) and recent toxicological data have shown that more that 20% of drivers fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes test positive for two or more drugs (Brady & Li 2013; Romano & Voas 2011; Kaplan et al 2006) with alcohol and marijuana being the most common combination (Brady & Li 2013; Walsh et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of marijuana and alcohol on fatal motor vehicle crash risk: a case–control study

Chihuri

Chen

2017

Inj. Epidemiol.

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BackgroundConcurrent use of marijuana and alcohol in drivers is of increasing concern but its role in crash causation has not been well understood.Methods Using a case–control design, we assessed the individual and joint effects of marijuana and alcohol use on fatal crash risk. Cases (n = 1944) were drivers fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes in the United States at specific times in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Controls (n = 7719) were drivers who participated in the 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers.ResultsOverall, cases were significantly more likely than controls to test positive for marijuana (12.2% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.0001), alcohol (57.8% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.0001) and both marijuana and alcohol (8.9% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.0001). Compared to drivers testing negative for alcohol and marijuana, the adjusted odds ratios of fatal crash involvement were 16.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.23, 18.75] for those testing positive for alcohol and negative for marijuana, 1.54 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.03) for those testing positive for marijuana and negative for alcohol, and 25.09 (95% CI: 17.97, 35.03) for those testing positive for both alcohol and marijuana.ConclusionsAlcohol use and marijuana use are each associated with significantly increased risks of fatal crash involvement. When alcohol and marijuana are used together, there exists a positive synergistic effect on fatal crash risk on the additive scale.

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“…Cannabis also alters sensitivity to reward in risky choice decision making (Rogers et al 2007), impairs automobile driving skills (Gjerde and Kinn 1991; Liguori et al 1998) and degrades flight simulator performance in experienced pilots (Janowsky et al 1976; Leirer et al 1989). Impairments are not always reported for all tasks and there is some initial evidence that increased levels of cannabidiol in marijuana may ameliorate detrimental cognitive effects presumably caused by Δ 9 THC (Morgan et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Δ⁹tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques

Taffe

2012

J Psychopharmacol

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Cannabis remains the most commonly abused illicit drug and is rapidly expanding in quasi-licit use in some jurisdictions under medical marijuana laws. Effects of the psychoactive constituent Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC) on cognitive function remain of pressing concern. Prior studies in monkeys have not shown consistent evidence of memory specific effects of Δ9THC on recognition tasks and it remains unclear to what extent Δ9THC causes sedative versus specific cognitive effects. In this study, adult male rhesus monkeys were trained on tasks which assess spatial working memory, visuo-spatial associative memory and learning as well as motivation for food reward. Subjects were subsequently challenged with 0.1-0.3 mg/kg Δ9THC, i.m., in randomized order and evaluated on the behavioral measures. The performance of both vsPAL and SOSS tasks was impaired by Δ9THC in a dose and task-difficulty manner. It is concluded that Δ9THC disrupts cognition in a way that is consistent with a direct effect on memory. There was evidence for interference with spatial working memory, visuo-spatial associative memory and incremental learning in the latter task. These results and the lack of specific effect of Δ9THC in prior visual recognition studies imply a sensitivity of spatial memory processing and/or working memory to endocannabinoid perturbation.

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Impairment in drivers due to cannabis in combination with other drugs

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

Interaction of marijuana and alcohol on fatal motor vehicle crash risk: a case–control study

Δ⁹tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques

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Impairment in drivers due to cannabis in combination with other drugs

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor functions in mice

Interaction of marijuana and alcohol on fatal motor vehicle crash risk: a case–control study

Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Δ⁹tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques