Imperforate anus: The neurologic implication of sacral abnormalities

Associated congenital anomalies in patients with anorectal malformations—a need for developing a uniform practical approach

“…[1][2][3][4][5]9,16 These were a higher prevalence of ARM among boys; more subjects, especially boys, had high ARM; and the presence of a higher incidence of associated anomalies among patients with high ARM. [1][2][3][4][5]9,16 Also, there was a higher incidence of associated anomalies in the subset of boys with high ARM. 5 We found a higher incidence of vertebral and renal malformations among these subjects, corroborating with the earlier reports.…”

“…We found a much lower incidence of spinal cord (8%) anomalies and primary vesico-ureteric reflux (1.7%). 4,6,9,[16][17][18] We admit that this low incidence was owing to our attempt to maintain a costeffective approach, wherein only those selected patients were subjected to the definitive investigations in which either a clinical or a radiologic indicator existed. For example, we selectively subjected only those patients to MCU where there was suggestion of renal anomalies based on screening sonography for urogenital system, whereas in other studies, all the subjects with ARM indiscriminantly underwent MCU.…”

“…Most studies in the literature have either concentrated on one set of associated anomalies or a subset of them. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Other studies have given an overview of spectrum of anomalies but have not gone into deeper analysis. [1][2][3] The aim of the current study was not only to get an insight into the associated congenital anomalies present in patients with ARM, but also to compare their distribution among subgroups based on sex and nature of ARM (high/low), an aspect that had not been highlighted in the earlier studies.…”

Aberrations of the intrinsic innervation of the anorectum in fetal rats with anorectal malformations

“…Associated defects of the nerves of the sacrum [25][26][27][28][29][30] and surgical denervation of the rectum [15] have been thought to contribute to this ongoing Fig. 1 A, Dense plexuses of NSE-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the anorectum of the normal fetal rat.…”

Anal mucosal electric sensation in postoperative patients with anorectal malformations

“…It has also been reported that in cases with additional malformation of the sacrum, pelvic neuropathy makes a contribution [9]. Acquired factors include damage to the external anal sphincter muscle at an operation, damage to the nerves in the pelvis, damage or a use insufficiency of the puborectal muscle, decreased functional movement of the intestinal tract caused by postoperative adhesions, and secondary defecation lesions from not having a normal defecation function.…”