Implantable microchip: the futuristic controlled drug delivery system

Abstract

There is no doubt that controlled and pulsatile drug delivery system is an important challenge in medicine over the conventional drug delivery system in case of therapeutic efficacy. However, the conventional drug delivery systems often offer a limited by their inability to drug delivery which consists of systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, complex dosing schedule for long term treatment etc. Therefore, there has been a search for the drug delivery system that exhibit broad enhancing activity for more drugs with less complication. More recently, some elegant study has noted that, a new type of micro-electrochemical system or MEMS-based drug delivery systems called microchip has been improved to overcome the problems related to conventional drug delivery. Moreover, micro-fabrication technology has enabled to develop the implantable controlled released microchip devices with improved drug administration and patient compliance. In this article, we have presented an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of microchip as an advanced drug delivery system. Commercial manufacturing materials and methods, related other research works and current advancement of the microchips for controlled drug delivery have also been summarized.

Applying emerging science to contraception research: implications for the clinic

“…A new type of microelectrochemical system-based drug delivery systems called 'microchip' has been invented to overcome the problems related to conventional drug delivery [116]. This system allows long-term delivery of different molecules and can be activated by an external control.…”

A Comprehensive Study on Design Trends and Future Scope of Implantable Drug Delivery Systems

“…To avoid risks, a need exists for such systems that can automatically administer drug concentration using an intelligent control strategy and decision making. Automation due to the latest advance technologies provides a realistic mean for curbing increasing costs of healthcare [5]. Implantable drug delivery devices enable site specific drug administration thus, reducing significantly the doses that can minimize potential side effects of the drug to other healthy organs and tissues .…”

“…As analyzed from the survey, IDDS enhances the efficacy of the system with respect to dosage concentration, also the drug concentration is administered at desirable rate and there is reduced need for follow up care [5,8]. IDDS will prove beneficial for conditions such as brain tumors, chronic pain syndrome, infectious diseases, and cardiac disorders [6].…”

Novel drug delivery system: an immense hope for diabetics

“…However, these dosage forms offer various untoward effects/ limitations like gastric irritation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, lactic acidosis in people with abnormal kidney or liver function due to gastrointestinal degradation, insolubility in water and do not comply with the safety and efficacy of the patients (http://www.joslin.org/info/oral_diabetes_medica-tions_summary_chart.html). These adverse effects revealed the limited accessibility of conventional dosage forms at desired site of action, higher systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic window, complex dosing schedule for long-term treatment (Sutradhar & Sumi, 2014). Two major factors required for the drugs to be effective are their optimal concentration at the desired site of action and persistent effective concentration for a longer period of time.…”