Implementation and success factors from Thailand’s 1-3-7 surveillance strategy for malaria elimination

Lertpiriyasuwat, Cheewanan; Sudathip, Prayuth; Kitchakarn, Suravadee; Areechokchai, Darin; Naowarat, Sathapana; Shah, Jui A.; Sintasath, David; Pinyajeerapat, Niparueradee; Young, Felicity; Thimasarn, Krongthong; Gopinath, Deyer; Prempree, Preecha

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03740-z

Cited by 29 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Although P. vivax (95%) and P. falciparum (4-5%) were the most common causes of malaria in Thailand in the year 2020 [13], nevertheless, due to Thailand's National Malaria Elimination Strategy 2017-2026 (NMES), malaria incidence and mortality in Thailand decreased from 2012 to 2020 [30]. The NMES introduced the strategy of robust surveillance and response approach for elimination for each malaria case to deploy needed interventions [31]. Under the strategy, Thai people in several rural communities can access early diagnosis and effective antimalarial treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Signs of Severity Identified in the Thai Population with Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mala

Wilairatana

Samerjai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Understanding the prevalence of signs of severity identified in the Thai population with malaria could aid clinical management and disease control efforts, decrease mortality, and promote malaria elimination in Thailand. This systematic review aimed to collate the evidence regarding signs of severity identified in the Thai population with malaria. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for potentially relevant studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The pooled prevalence of signs of severity among patients with severe malaria and the pooled proportion of each sign of severity among all signs of severity were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate whether differences in pooled estimates between different study sites. Publication bias was assessed by visualizing funnel plot asymmetry and using Egger’s test. Among 741 studies identified by literature searching, 12 studies of a total of 2900 patients with severe malaria, in 7 Thai hospitals, met the eligibility criteria. Results of meta-analyses showed that the signs of the severity of malaria with the highest prevalence in Thailand were jaundice (54%), hyperparasitemia (47%), impaired consciousness/coma (21%), acidosis (18%), renal impairment (13%), shock (10%), convulsions (9%), severe anemia (8%), pulmonary edema/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (8%), hypoglycemia (4%), and bleeding/disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (2%). The signs of the severity of malaria that made up the highest proportion of all signs of severity identified in the Thai population with malaria were hyperparasitemia (33%), jaundice (33%), impaired consciousness/coma (12%), acidosis (9%), renal impairment (7%), severe anemia (6%), convulsions (5%), shock (5%), pulmonary edema/ARDS (3%), bleeding/DIC (1%), and hypoglycemia (1%). The present study revealed the prevalence of signs of severity identified in the Thai population with malaria. Jaundice, hyperparasitemia, and impaired consciousness/coma were the most common signs of severity identified. These results may inform the management of patients with severe malaria and promote malaria-elimination efforts in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Signs of Severity Identified in the Thai Population with Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mala

Wilairatana

Samerjai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…This strategy is not only the technical specification for malaria elimination in China, but it has been adopted by the WHO, and is included in the Malaria surveillance monitoring & evaluation, a reference manual 33 . Recently, the “1–3–7” approach has been popularized and applied in many countries and regions worldwide and has made great contributions in the progress toward global malaria elimination 34 – 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Yingjiang County on the China–Myanmar border

Huang

Li²,

Tian

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Yingjiang County, which is on the China–Myanmar border, is the main focus for malaria elimination in China. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Yingjiang County were analysed in a retrospective analysis. A total of 895 malaria cases were reported in Yingjiang County between 2013 and 2019. The majority of cases occurred in males (70.7%) and individuals aged 19–59 years (77.3%). Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species (96.6%). The number of indigenous cases decreased gradually and since 2017, no indigenous cases have been reported. Malaria cases were mainly distributed in the southern and southwestern areas of the county; 55.6% of the indigenous cases were reported in Nabang Township, which also had the highest risk of imported malaria. The “1–3–7” approach has been implemented effectively, with 100% of cases reported within 24 h, 88.9% cases investigated and confirmed within 3 days and 98.5% of foci responded to within 7 days. Although malaria elimination has been achieved in Yingjiang County, sustaining elimination and preventing the re-establishment of malaria require the continued strengthening of case detection, surveillance and response systems targeting the migrant population in border areas.

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“…The district is less sensitive to detecting diseases with epidemic potential 23 . Several factors that influence the success of surveillance are cross-sectoral coordination and forging regional partnerships 24 . It aims to collect complete and correct data on malaria cases promptly.…”

Section: Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Electronic Implementation of A Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) in the Lahat District

et al. 2021

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Background: The requirement for malaria elimination to be recognized is to prove API lower than 1 per 1000 in the population, together with no indigenous case. Lahat Regency is an area of low-endemicity for malaria, where the target for elimination is projected for 2024. Since 2019, Lahat Regency has received socialization about E-SISMAL, which was developed as a web-based basis to speed up the reporting process. However, there are still delays in reporting malaria on E-SISMAL. Methods: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach was designed. The study subjects were the malaria person in charge, the head of seven selected community health centers (Puskesmas) and the Lahat District Health Office. Primary data came from observation, focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with eighteen informants selected by the purposive sampling method. Results: The available inputs are inadequate, such as the human resource education was not up to standard, the internet network was not smooth, and there were no guidelines on E-SISMAL in the health centers. Malaria person in charge does not understand how to use E-SISMAL. In the process, there was the involvement of cross-sectoral and networked establishments. The output shows that the report indicators on E-SISMAL are not up to standard with less than 80%. Conclusions: The use of E-SISMAL in the Lahat district has not been maximized. It has an impact on delays in reporting. It is recommended that training and practice of E-SISMAL occur to improve officers' ability through socialization and that the Lahat Health Office establishes partnerships with telecommunications companies to ensure the smooth running of the network. Developing specific guidelines on E-SISMAL and a mobile phone-based malaria surveillance information system to speed up the malaria reporting process in the Lahat district is also advisable.

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Implementation and success factors from Thailand’s 1-3-7 surveillance strategy for malaria elimination

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Signs of Severity Identified in the Thai Population with Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Signs of Severity Identified in the Thai Population with Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A retrospective analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Yingjiang County on the China–Myanmar border

Analysis of the Electronic Implementation of A Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) in the Lahat District

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