Implementation of HPV Tests in Latin America: What We Learned; What Should We Have Learned, and What Can We Do Better?

Possati-Resende, Júlio César; Guimarães, Yasmin Medeiros; Pedrão, Priscila Grecca; Reis, Ricardo dos; Longatto‐Filho, Adhemar

doi:10.3390/cancers14112612

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This study identified several areas for improvement at each sub-process or level of CC prevention program in Mexico, which have been affected by disruptions of preventive health and cancer care services because of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to achieve the WHO goal of eliminating CC by 2030. Considering the cost of human life and suffering, implementing proper management of CC prevention programs should be a top priority for decision-makers and policy makers of CC prevention systems in all LAC countries to improve the performance indicators ( 52 , 53 ), owing to the high prevalence of CC, the female cancer with the greatest preventive potential given its natural history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Cruz-Valdéz

Palacio-Mejía²,

Quezada-Sánchez³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the preventive services for cervical cancer (CC) control programs in Mexico, which will result in increased mortality. This study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on the interruption of three preventive actions in the CC prevention program in Mexico.MethodsThis study is a retrospective time series analysis based on administrative records for the uninsured population served by the Mexican Ministry of Health. Patient data were retrieved from the outpatient service information system and the hospital discharge database for the period 2017–2021. Data were aggregated by month, distinguishing a pre-pandemic and a pandemic period, considering April 2020 as the start date of the pandemic. A Poisson time series analysis was used to model seasonal and secular trends. Five process indicators were selected to assess the disruption of the CC program, these were analyzed as monthly data (N=39 pre-pandemic, N=21 during the pandemic). HPV vaccination indicators (number of doses and coverage) and diagnostic characteristics of CC cases were analyzed descriptively. The time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment initiation in CC cases was modeled using restricted cubic splines from robust regression.ResultsAnnual HPV vaccination coverage declined dramatically after 2019 and was almost null in 2021. The number of positive Papanicolaou smears decreased by 67.8% (90%CI: -72.3, -61.7) in April–December 2020, compared to their expected values without the pandemic. The immediate pandemic shock (April 2020) in the number of first-time and recurrent colposcopies was -80.5% (95%CI:−83.5, −77.0) and -77.9% (95%CI: −81.0, −74.4), respectively. An increasing trend was observed in the proportion of advanced stage and metastatic CC cases. The fraction of CC cases that did not receive medical treatment or surgery increased, as well as CC cases that received late treatment after diagnosis.ConclusionsOur analyses show significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic with declines at all levels of CC prevention and increasing inequalities. The restarting of the preventive programs against CC in Mexico offers an opportunity to put in place actions to reduce the disparities in the burden of disease between socioeconomic levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Cruz-Valdéz

Palacio-Mejía²,

Quezada-Sánchez³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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“…Although it is the fourth most diagnosed cancer, and the fourth leading cause of cancer death, cervical cancer is almost completely preventable due to the available vaccination and screening [33,34]. In Brazil, cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer, and the most likely among women in the north of the country [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

et al. 2022

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection of the reproductive tract, and cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related disease. This study estimated the prevalence, diversity of HPV genotypes, and associated risk factors in women screened for cervical cancer in northern Brazil. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil, and it included 162 women who were spontaneously undergoing a Pap-smear routine. Epidemiological, sexual, and health-related information was collected by interviews, and cervical samples were collected for cytological examination and HPV-DNA detection. HPV genotypes were classified as low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) by nucleotide sequencing. Results: In total, 17.3% (28/162) of the participants had HPV-DNA, and LR-HPV was the most prevalent (71.4%). Among the 13 different types of HPV detected, HPV-11 was found most frequently (12/28; 42.9%), followed by HPV-31 (3/28; 10.7%). Of the participants with cytological alterations, HPV infection was detected in only four: two were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (15.4%), one with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (7.7%), and one with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (7.7%). Of the 61 women who presented a normal cytology, 13 (21.3%) had positive tests for HPV infection, 4 (8.2%) of which were positive for a high-risk genotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV was high in Belém, Pará, and especially in women who had normal cytology results, which suggests the need for greater screening for HPV infection in women’s primary health care.

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“…Currently, the Papillomavirus Family recorded more than four hundred types; Some subtypes have been discovered in different human anatomic sites. And caused proliferative lesions on the skin and mucosa, or in other places, such as the penile, anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, and uterine cervix regions [4]. And the most generally sexually transmitted human virus and perhaps the cause of a great number of cancers in both men and women, in a lot of areas of body tissues [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dynamic transmission of HPV with reproduction numbers R₀

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this paper, we discuss the patterns of the transmission of how the Human papillomavirus (HPV) spreads in the public. We analyze the behaviors of infectious disease in SIR, SEIR, and Multistrian models. In terms of this disease, HPV has many subtypes, some are high-risk, and some are low-risk. Unfortunately, many people in some areas are not aware of it. That will always cause many delays for the disease and aggravations. The harm caused by HPV is different for different groups of people, people will take various measures to handle the situation according to the severity. We divided them into 3 cases. That is case1-negative for people who may have caught HPV; case 2-negative people who may have caught HPV, but excluding exposures; case 3-negative for people who is sure to catch HPV. After that, by computing the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) to get the value for calculating reproduction number R 0 to estimate the stability for every case. Then the way of getting the derivatives and partitioned matrix and computing reproduction number with the measure of the Jacobian matrix were used for deciding the response for the epidemic eventually.

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Implementation of HPV Tests in Latin America: What We Learned; What Should We Have Learned, and What Can We Do Better?

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Analysis of dynamic transmission of HPV with reproduction numbers R₀

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Implementation of HPV Tests in Latin America: What We Learned; What Should We Have Learned, and What Can We Do Better?

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Cervical cancer prevention program in Mexico disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities

Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Analysis of dynamic transmission of HPV with reproduction numbers R0

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Analysis of dynamic transmission of HPV with reproduction numbers R₀