Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Enhanced Outdoor Network Coverage in Long Term Evolution Network in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

I. INTRODUCTIONRecently, the use of mobile wireless system became the most popular technology as a result of lots of services available in mobile cellular phone [1]. Some of these include voice call, video call, conference call, data based services and other multimedia applications. Despite the increase in number of base stations to augment high rate of subscribers, the quality of service delivery by the network providers still remains in poor state [2]. It is observed that the poor quality of services experienced could be due to several challenges experienced in the network channel [3]. On that note, it becomes paramount to identity these problems and propose solutions through research analysis.The communication channel experience Rayleigh fading as a result of obstruction to Line of Sight (LOS), resulted in reflection, absorption and scattering of transmitted signal [4], [5]. The knowledge of the propagation characteristic of a mobile radio channel is essential for designing any wireless communication system in a given region [6]. One of the most important problems of propagation environment is path loss [5]. Propagation path loss has great influence on the quality of service of a mobile communication system, the transmitted signal power get reduced with increased distance from base station to mobile station. Therefore, accurate estimation of propagation path loss is important factor for the good design and planning of mobile system [7]. The quality and coverage reliability of a wireless network design depends on the accuracy of the path loss model [4].There are many propagation path loss models proposed in previous works to predict coverage. These model are not sufficient for accurate analysis of the path loss on other terrain, the suitability of such models differs with different environment [8]. The objective of optimization is to make sure the network operates close to the original design in terms of handoff points, coverage, received signal strength and Quality of Service (QoS) [2], [3]. In order to overcome the problem of path loss, the parameters of certain models must be adjusted with reference to the targeted locations. This will enable the system achieve minimum error between Transmitted Signal Strength (TSS) Optimization is the process of obtaining the best solution to a system function efficiently as a result of the modification of existing models. The optimizations of these existing models have been carried out by many researchers in other regions, but some of them are based on Least Square (LS) method. Other optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bee Colony Algorithm (BCA), have not been commonly used relative to the reviewed literature. The particle swarm optimization uses the ideas of bird flocking and its survival of fitness by randomly chosen positions and velocities [2]. In this paper, we investigated the performance of some propagation models while appropriate modified model was developed for the terrain. PSO technique was further deploy...

An Adaptive Handover Initiation Thresholdfor Seamless Mobility basedWireless Networksusing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm

“…candidate solution with respect to a given quality measure [10].By using the technique, it solved a problem by having a population of candidate solution and moving it according to simple mathematical formula over their location and velocity in the search-space.Each candidate's movement is determined by its best known local position and is often directed to the best known search-space positions, which are later revised as other candidates have found better positions.Therefore, this technique is supposed to push the swarm towards the best solutions. Initially credited to Kennedy, Eberhart and Shi [11], the PSO was the first to concentrate on simulating social behavior as a stylized image for species movement or as a group [12] like bird flock or fish school. The algorithm was simplified, and optimization was observed and search performance improved [13].The book by Kennedy and Eberhart identified several philosophical aspects of PSO and swarm intelligence.…”

Path Loss Estimation for Some Korek-Telecom Sites Operating at (1.8) GHz and (2.1) GHz for Urban and Suburban Area in Erbil City

“…The signal strength of radio wave decreases when propagating between the transmitter and/or receiver due to many factors such as, reflection, diffraction, scattering, path distance, environments (i.e. urban, suburban or rural), height of the transmitter and receiver antennas and absorption by the object of the environment as well as operation frequencies [3]. Such reduction in the power strength of the signal is known as radio wave propagation path loss.…”