Implementation Techniques for Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring: Approaches for Wearable Smart Health Applications

Tufan, Tuna B.; Rhein, Lawrence; Guler, Ulkuhan

doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3322871

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 92 publications

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“…This could be attributed to a slow diffusion rate influenced by several factors, primarily the absence of a heating mechanism and the location of measurement. Positioning the sensor on the fingertip allowed for the detection of PtCO 2 variations induced by hyperventilation [86].…”

Section: Luminescence-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Technologies for Transcutaneous Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Monitoring

Bernasconi,

Angelucci,

De Cesari

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The measurement of partial pressures of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is fundamental for evaluating a patient’s conditions in clinical practice. There are many ways to retrieve O2/CO2 partial pressures and concentrations. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is the gold standard technique for such a purpose, but it is invasive, intermittent, and potentially painful. Among all the alternative methods for gas monitoring, non-invasive transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring has been emerging since the 1970s, being able to overcome the main drawbacks of ABG analysis. Clark and Severinghaus electrodes enabled the breakthrough for transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring, respectively, and in the last twenty years, many innovations have been introduced as alternatives to overcome their limitations. This review reports the most recent solutions for transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring, with a particular consideration for wearable measurement systems. Luminescence-based electronic paramagnetic resonance and photoacoustic sensors are investigated. Optical sensors appear to be the most promising, giving fast and accurate measurements without the need for frequent calibrations and being suitable for integration into wearable measurement systems.

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Section: Luminescence-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%