Implication of Alien Species Introduction to Loss of Fish Biodiversity and Livelihoods on Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan

Mikkola, Heimo

doi:10.5772/48460

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Rapid population growth, tourism and recreational activities, agricultural and industrial development, and urbanization have all taken a toll on water resources and water quality over the last 100 years. A number of saline lakes also demonstrate a high level of species invasions (Thorpe et al 2011, Mikkola 2012, and the effect of anthropogenic drivers is exacerbated by climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of past, current, and future ecosystem and biodiversity trends of inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia

et al. 2020

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This review of trends in inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia is based on the relevant section of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Regional Assessment Report for Europe and Central Asia (ECA). We assessed the present status of ECA saline lakes and the effects of direct drivers (climate change, land use, pollution, resource exploitation, invasive species) on ecosystem health and biodiversity. We also assessed past, current and future trends using habitat area and degradation, species richness, and endangered species as indicators. No uniform scenario is applicable to saline lakes in the region. The desiccation of the Aral Sea is caused mainly by land use change and water extraction. In the Caspian Sea, river modifications, water pollution, overfishing and poaching, and species invasions have led to a decrease in species richness and have threatened endemic species. Although trends for smaller saline lakes vary, our analysis demonstrates that land use change, overexploitation, and pollution are more important direct drivers of ecosystem health and biodiversity than climate change. The establishment of baseline biodiversity values for saline lakes is, however, complicated because biodiversity and the food-web structure are variable and depend strongly on salinity. Thus, there is a need to classify the ecological quality, biodiversity and ecosystem services of saline lakes along a salinity gradient. The improvement of water management and reuse of water, conservation measures, and introduction of climate-smart agriculture are basic conditions for the sustainable use of saline lakes in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of past, current, and future ecosystem and biodiversity trends of inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia

et al. 2020

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“…Issyk-Kul (Fig. 1) has a surface area of 6240km and lies at an altitude of 1608m (Mikkola, 2012). It is considered to be the second highest mountain lake and the fifth deepest lake in the world (Mikkola, 2012;.…”

Section: Livelihood Activities In Issyk-kulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) has a surface area of 6240km and lies at an altitude of 1608m (Mikkola, 2012). It is considered to be the second highest mountain lake and the fifth deepest lake in the world (Mikkola, 2012;. The surrounding mountains of Ala-Too (part of the Tian Shan range) to the north and the south of the Lake provide most of its water.…”

Section: Livelihood Activities In Issyk-kulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1930 eggs of the Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan) from Lake Sevan in Armenia were released into the Lake and hatcheries set up in surrounding rivers for restocking programs ). The Sevan trout adapted extraordinarily well to Issyk-Kul, growing to a larger size and with a growth rate 4 to 6 times as fast as in Sevan Lake (Mikkola, 2012, see also Romanovsky, 2002). Other non-native species were also introduced, notably rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), and by the 1960s total annual production had increased to more than 1000 tonnes .…”

Section: Fishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing inland waterbody livelihoods in Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan

Fabinyi¹,

Hayward²,

Canlas³

et al. 2020

JMIC

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This paper examines livelihood transition along inland waterbodies, drawing on secondary literature and interviews to examine a case study of Issyk-Kul, a large Lake in Kyrgyzstan. Livelihood activities along Issyk-Kul are diverse and seasonal, and include fruit, vegetable and cereal farming, livestock management and pastoralism, tourism, remittances and fisheries and aquaculture. We focus in depth on tourism and fishing. While both activities have fluctuated in significance over many decades; overall, we show how tourism is increasing while fisheries have drastically reduced. We argue that livelihood activities in Issyk-Kul are characterised by the increasing importance of both discursive and material connections beyond the Lake itself, and identify areas for future research on livelihoods along inland waterbodies.

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“…The level of primary production in it and the concentration of phytoplankton biomass are 10-40 times lower than those characteristic of the world ocean on average (e.g., Antal, 2000). This affects all parts of the food chain and is reflected in the relatively low biodiversity (Mikkola, 2012). The potential of biological productivity of aquatic objects is often quantified by the ratio of the amount of incoming nutrients to the total volume of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New profiling and mooring records help to assess variability of Lake Issyk-Kul and reveal unknown features of its thermohaline structure

Zavialov

Izhitskiy

Kirillin

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This article reports the results of three field campaigns conducted in Lake Issyk-Kul in 2015, 2016, and 2017. During the campaigns, CTD profiling and water sampling were performed at 34 locations all over the lake. A total of 75 CTD profiles were obtained. Some biogeochemical and thermohaline parameters at the lake surface were also mapped at high horizontal resolution along the ship's track. In addition, thermistor chains were deployed at three mooring stations in the eastern littoral region of the lake, yielding 147-day-long records of temperature data. The measurements revealed that – while the thermal state of the active layer, as well as some biogeochemical characteristics, were subject to significant interannual variability mediated by atmospheric forcing – the haline structure of the entire lake was remarkably stable at the interannual scale. Our data do not confirm the reports of progressive warming of the deep Issyk-Kul waters as suggested in some previous publications. However, they do indicate a positive trend of salinity in the lake's interior over the last 3 decades. A noteworthy newly found feature is a weak but persistent salinity maximum below the thermocline at a depth of 70–120 m, from where salinity slightly decreased downwards. The data from the moored thermistor chains support the previously published hypothesis about the significant role of the submerged ancient riverbeds on the eastern shelf in advecting littoral waters into the deep portion of the lake during differential cooling period. We hypothesize that the less saline littoral water penetrating into the deep layers due to this mechanism is responsible for the abovementioned features of salinity profile, and we substantiate this hypothesis by estimates based on simple model assumptions.

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Implication of Alien Species Introduction to Loss of Fish Biodiversity and Livelihoods on Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Overview of past, current, and future ecosystem and biodiversity trends of inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia

Overview of past, current, and future ecosystem and biodiversity trends of inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia

Changing inland waterbody livelihoods in Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan

New profiling and mooring records help to assess variability of Lake Issyk-Kul and reveal unknown features of its thermohaline structure

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