Implication Of Thoracic Aortic Calcification Over Coronary Calcium Score Regarding The 2018 Acc/aha Cholesterol Guideline: Results From The Cac Consortium

Han, Donghee; Kuronuma, Keiichiro; Rozanski, Alan; Budoff, M.; Miedema, Michael D.; Nasir, Khurram; Shaw, L.; Rumberger, John A.; Gransar, Heidi; Blumenthal, R. S.; Bláha, M; Berman, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.229

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…79 The standard method of assessing aortic calcium is CT, usually cardiac CT, which is unable to differentiate between intimal and medial layers. 80 This is one of several limitations for assessing the role of TAC and AAC. The thoracic and abdominal aorta are also much larger and heterogeneous vascular beds than the coronary arteries.…”

Section: Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…78 Abnormal ranges in the thoracic aorta have been considered as scores from 0 to 300 as low and >300 as high. 80 The abdominal aorta is one of the first vascular beds where calcium develops and typically has the highest degree of calcium with higher Agatston scores, though boundaries used to define normal and abnormal values are variable and studies have used tertiles within the cohort to define severity. 83…”

Section: Normal and Abnormal Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies report that TAC does not improve risk prediction beyond CAC, 91,95 while others demonstrate TAC significantly improve models beyond CAC, especially for those of intermediate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. 80 Other studies suggest that TAC is more appropriately used as part of combined calcium score using data from multiple vascular beds. 80,96 There are even fewer studies of AAC and the reporting of AAC is beset by similar measurement heterogeneities (Table 5; Table S5).…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80 Other studies suggest that TAC is more appropriately used as part of combined calcium score using data from multiple vascular beds. 80,96 There are even fewer studies of AAC and the reporting of AAC is beset by similar measurement heterogeneities (Table 5; Table S5). Although well-designed studies indicate that AAC independently predicts risk for cardiovascular events and mortality, 84,97 there are too few studies with comparable reporting of measures and outcomes to enable proper data synthesis.…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic People In Vivo: Measurements Suitable for Biomarker and Mendelian Randomization Studies

Garg,

Bhatia,

Allen

et al. 2024

ATVB

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BACKGROUND: One strategy to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease is the early detection and treatment of atherosclerosis. This has led to significant interest in studies of subclinical atherosclerosis, using different phenotypes, not all of which are accurate reflections of the presence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of part 2 of this series is to provide a review of the existing literature on purported measures of subclinical disease and recommendations concerning which tests may be appropriate in the prevention of incident cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We conducted a critical review of measurements used to infer the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in the major conduit arteries and focused on the predictive value of these tests for future cardiovascular events, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, in asymptomatic people. The emphasis was on studies with >10 000 person-years of follow-up, with meta-analysis of results reporting adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. The arterial territories were limited to carotid, coronary, aorta, and lower limb arteries. RESULTS: In the carotid arteries, the presence of plaque (8 studies) was independently associated with future stroke (pooled HR, 1.89 [1.04–3.44]) and cardiac events (7 studies), with a pooled HR, 1.77 (1.19–2.62). Increased coronary artery calcium (5 studies) was associated with the risk of coronary heart disease events, pooled HR, 1.54 (1.07–2.07) and increasing severity of calcification (by Agaston score) was associated with escalation of risk (13 studies). An ankle/brachial index (ABI) of <0.9, the pooled HR for cardiovascular death from 7 studies was 2.01 (1.43–2.81). There were insufficient studies of either, thoracic or aortic calcium, aortic diameter, or femoral plaque to synthesize the data based on consistent reporting of these measures. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of carotid plaque, coronary artery calcium, or abnormal ankle pressures seems to be a valid indicator of the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and may be considered for use in biomarker, Mendelian randomization and similar studies.

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Section: Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%