Import Substitution Technology and Machinery as the Basis for Eliminating Food Dependence of Russia

Abstract

Annotation-The crop capacity in different soil and climatic zones depends on implemented technologies of tillage and sowing, crop rotation and type of work tools of the machinery complex. In every zone, main and additional tilling should be made with different work tool types and to different depth corresponding to the zone conditions. The tillage should also provide conditions for plant growth and development, as well as accumulation and rational usage of accumulated moisture during the whole vegetation period. The work demonstrates that tillage by foreign machinery not tailored to Russian conditions as compared to locally produced machines withers the soil away, reduces crop capacity and increases the base costs. In this connection, the team of researchers has elaborated a universal technology for soil treatment and types of work tools for machines to put it into life. Having said that, the type and dimensions of farms dictates the degree of universalization of newly created machines, so they should have replaceable working elements or interchangeable modules. The methods for determining the metal consumption for machines of different type, their draught resistance and performance of equipment were developed; the calculations are also presented. The study yields dependencies that allow establishing adequate velocities of equipment and operating width of tilling and sowing machines that ensure maximum performance of equipment with tractors having different draught class. The parameters of machines are used by the engineers of LLC Chelyabinsk Compressor Plant, LLC Varnaagromash and Yaroslavovich Production Company for designing and putting into production a complex of tillage and sowing machinery for tractors of draught class 1,4; 3; 5 and 6-7. The developed complex of machines performs all components of tillage technologies for specific working conditions and corresponds to functional specifications of agricultural machinery, environment protection, ergonomics and energy saving. Thus, the developed import-substitution technology and complex of machines enable increased crop capacity and reduced base cost of cultivated crops, which is the basis for liquidation of food dependence of Russia.