IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONHECIMENTO ACERCA DAS CONDUTAS, CUIDADOS E PREVENÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO EM PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME DE DOWN: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Down Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, was recognized in 1866 and proven in 1958. Down Syndrome is characterized by incorrect chromosomal distribution, with 3 main chromosomal changes possible: Simple or standard trisomy. Translocation or Mosaicism. It is estimated that the incidence of Down Syndrome is 3% of the world population. Being one of the main causes of intellectual disability, patients with DS also have similar physical characteristics, in addition to the common presence of systemic changes and changes in the oral cavity. Dental care in patients with DS must be early, thus avoiding the worsening of oral changes. During dental care, it is extremely important that the dentist uses techniques that facilitate treatment, offering greater comfort for the patient. Techniques similar to those used in pediatric dentistry can be used. In addition to these techniques, other means can be used, such as, in more extreme cases, general anesthesia, which is not recommended for these syndromic patients due to some physical changes that generally make orotracheal intubation difficult; the use of conscious sedation through the administration of benzodiazepines or the inhalation of nitrous oxide gas, being considered a good resource, making it possizle to carry out simpler procedures such as prophylaxis to less complex surgeries.