Improve Diesel Properties by using Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles

Analysis and Optimization of Nanolubricated Journal Bearing under Thermoelasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Considering Cavitation Effect

“…Fairly good agreement was obtained for aggregate ratio of 3.3 which is close to that obtained by Gundarneeya [16] taking into consideration the different types of the base oil used in both studies. The experimental values of the lubricant viscosities [24] are compared with that predicted by Krieger-Dougherty equation with aggregate ratio mentioned above is depicted in Fig. 2.…”

“…Fig. 3 shows a comparison between the values of SAE40W/TiO2 nano-lubricant thermal conduc-tivity calculated by using equation (12) and that published by [24]. The maximum deviation between the results was calculated and found to be 9.4% at 60 o C. The density of the Nanolubricant can be evaluated as cited in [25] 𝜌 𝑛𝑓 = (1 − 𝜑)𝜌 𝑓 + 𝜑𝜌 𝑝 (13) The specific heat of the nano-lubricant can be evaluated as cited in [25]: (14)…”

“…The experimental results of the viscosity for the base oil SAE40W (produced by al dura refinery-Iraq) blended with 13 nm TiO2 nanoparticles published by Asmaa et al [24] have been used to determine the value of the effective radius of the nanoparticles aggregate required for the application of Krieger-Dougherty viscosity model. The procedure of Kole and Dey [28] was followed in the present work to evaluate the required aggregate ratio of such nanolubricant.…”

“…where ℎ is the oil film thickness which can be expressed as: Taking into consideration the elastic and thermal deformations of the bearing material the modified oil film thickness can be written as: ℎ = 𝐶. (1 − 𝑋 ⋅ cos 𝜃 − 𝑌 ⋅ sin 𝜃 + 𝛿 𝐸 + 𝛿 𝑇 ) (24) where 𝛿 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛿 𝑇 are the elastic and thermal deformations of the bearing material respectively.…”

“…Kyrkou and Nikolakopoulos [23] performed a thermoshydrodynamic analysis of a journal bearing lubricated with synthetic and environmentally friend oils using CFD technique. The present work includes a numerical test for the effect of an experimentally characterized nano-lubricant incorporated SAE40W oil blended with TiO2 nanoparticles [24] on the performance of journal bearing considering the effects of the elastic deformation of the bearing material and the cavitation using CFD-FSI technique which is a useful tool for investigating the hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic lubrications of a rotorbearing system. Also, the design of experiment, response surface analysis and the optimization technique were used to define the shaft equilibrium position.…”