Improved Detection of Nonmuscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Using Pirarubicin Endoscopy: A Prospective, Single-Center Preliminary Study

Abstract

THP endoscopy may improve the detection of nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, especially CIS and flat lesions. Results indicate that THP is a promising fluorescent dye for diagnosis and follow-up of nonmuscle invasive bladder carcinoma. Moreover, it is inexpensive, easily available, simple to administer, and is associated with few side effects.

Application of pirarubicin photosensitizer fluorescence cystoscopy in early detection of bladder cancer

“…Nevertheless, there are difficulties associated with this diagnostic method. These difficulties can be summarized as follows: i) Relatively high rate of false positives and low specificity (~65%); ii) lack of uniform measurement index for the color and strength of fluorescence; iii) non-specific fluorescence disturbing diagnosis; iv) technical staff may have difficulties with the fluorescence attenuation; and v) reagent configuration process is long and complex (2 h waiting time after injection of reagent) ( 15 ). Thus the development of a convenient, inexpensive, sensitive and safe photosensitizer with high specificity has been the focus of attention among researchers.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that bladder tumor tissue after absorbing THP, emit red under fluorescence cystoscopy. Some scholars have speculated that with combining THP and fluorescence cystoscopy, we can improve our chances for early diagnosis of bladder urinary carcinoma ( 15 ). We poured THP 15 min prior to operation and observed tumor cells under fluorescence cystoscopy under white light and all tumor cells emitted orange.…”