“…Improvement for reducing escapes or chimeric rate has been made when strict select stringency was used, especially some new selectable markers/reagents such as AHAS/imazapyr (Aragão et al, 2000;Rech et al, 2008), EPSPS/glyphosate (Martinell et al, 1999;Guo et al, 2015Guo et al, , 2020aSoto et al, 2017), and AADA/spectinomycin (Martinell et al, 2002). Meanwhile, the modified protocols made use of specific explants, such as somatic embryogenic calli, to reduce the chance of infection with cells at the late development stage, and combined proper selection of chemical agents with high stringency to decrease escape rate dramatically, which led to more than 90% T 0 transgenic plants transmitting their transgenes into T 1 generation (Soto et al, 2017;Chennareddy et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2020a). Therefore,…”