Abstract:Gamma irradiation was applied to the improved extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) from dried Lentinus edodes. Irradiation provided a dose-dependent increase in extraction yield (0 kGy, 2.01%; 7.5 kGy, 4.03%; 15 kGy, 7.17%) and purity (0 kGy, 78.8%; 7.5 kGy, 83.1%; 15 kGy, 85.6%) of the WSPs from hot-water extraction. The effect of irradiation was evident in the degraded microstructures and reduced molecular weights of the WSPs. However, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, and… Show more
“…The crystallinity of the sample was low, which confirms the amorphous nature of the material, with the amorphous peak regions seen at angles 20.61° and 21.26°. This was identical to the results obtained for water-soluble polysaccharides reported in literature 53 . Figure 5 X-ray diffraction patterns of the polysaccharide.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…For determining the morphology of polysaccharides, SEM analysis was performed according to the previous studies 72 . XRD analysis also showed the results of crystalline structure of polysaccharides according to the previous studies 53 as well as the thermal gravimetric analysis results were in consistent with the previous findings for polysaccharides from other plants 53 , 54 .…”
Mahonia bealei is one of the important members of the genus Mahonia and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Several compounds isolated from this plant have exhibited useful biological activities. Polysaccharides, an important biomacromolecule have been underexplored in case of M. bealei. In this study, hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation were used for the extraction of polysaccharides from the stem of M. bealei, and then extract was purified using ultrafiltration membrane at 50,000 Da cut off value. Characterization of the purified M. bealei polysaccharide (MBP) was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), along with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray crystallography XRD analysis and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The purified polysaccharide MBP was tested for antioxidant potential by determining its reducing power, besides determining the DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging along with ferrous ion chelating activities. An increased antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide was reported with increase in concentration (0.5 to 5 mg/ml) for all the parameters. Antimicrobial potential was determined against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. 20 µg/ml MBP was found appropriate with 12 h incubation period against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. We conclude that polysaccharides from M. bealei possess potential ability of biological importance; however, more studies are required for elucidation of their structure and useful activities.
“…The crystallinity of the sample was low, which confirms the amorphous nature of the material, with the amorphous peak regions seen at angles 20.61° and 21.26°. This was identical to the results obtained for water-soluble polysaccharides reported in literature 53 . Figure 5 X-ray diffraction patterns of the polysaccharide.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…For determining the morphology of polysaccharides, SEM analysis was performed according to the previous studies 72 . XRD analysis also showed the results of crystalline structure of polysaccharides according to the previous studies 53 as well as the thermal gravimetric analysis results were in consistent with the previous findings for polysaccharides from other plants 53 , 54 .…”
Mahonia bealei is one of the important members of the genus Mahonia and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Several compounds isolated from this plant have exhibited useful biological activities. Polysaccharides, an important biomacromolecule have been underexplored in case of M. bealei. In this study, hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation were used for the extraction of polysaccharides from the stem of M. bealei, and then extract was purified using ultrafiltration membrane at 50,000 Da cut off value. Characterization of the purified M. bealei polysaccharide (MBP) was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), along with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray crystallography XRD analysis and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The purified polysaccharide MBP was tested for antioxidant potential by determining its reducing power, besides determining the DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging along with ferrous ion chelating activities. An increased antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide was reported with increase in concentration (0.5 to 5 mg/ml) for all the parameters. Antimicrobial potential was determined against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. 20 µg/ml MBP was found appropriate with 12 h incubation period against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. We conclude that polysaccharides from M. bealei possess potential ability of biological importance; however, more studies are required for elucidation of their structure and useful activities.
“…The irradiation of konjac glucomannan without ethanol pretreatment resulted in more stable structures with the higher decomposition temperature [ 21 ]. Additionally, the water-soluble polysaccharide from the irradiated mushroom showed an improvement in thermal properties compared with the non-irradiated mushroom samples [ 26 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the intensity band from 1200 to 950 cm −1 showed slight differences, varying with the irradiation dose from 0 to 1000 kGy, corresponding to the reduction in C-O-C. This indicated that the irradiation degradation resulted in the newly denoted carbonyl group formation, accompanied by the scission of glycosidic bonds, which was caused by hydroxyl radicals [ 26 ]. The formation of a carbonyl group was previously observed in the FTIR and UV spectra of irradiated κ-carrageenan [ 20 ].…”
The water-soluble polysaccharides (APPs) isolated from the edible mushroom Auricularia polytricha were irradiated by γ-ray at doses of 10, 100, and 1000 kGy. The effect of gamma irradiation on the degradation of the polysaccharide was investigated. After irradiation treatment, the viscosity and molecular weight of APPs decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The changes in the enthalpy of APPs after irradiation treatment were observed. Meanwhile, SEM showed that R-APPs were crushed into fragments and the surfaces became smooth and wrinkled after irradiation. In further spectrum analysis, it was found that the glycoside bonds of the polysaccharides were broken and accompanied by the formation of double bonds. This suggested that gamma irradiation could cause the depolymerization and oxidation of polysaccharides. In addition, irradiated APPs could reduce the body weight of hyperlipidemia mice. The levels of serum and liver TC, TG, and serum LDH-c significantly decreased in hyperlipidemia mice after treatment by irradiated APPs. It indicated that gamma irradiation significantly improved the anti-hypolipidemic activity of APPs. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides was interpreted, which provides a theoretical basis for the further development of APP products. Gamma irradiation is a viable technology for macromolecular modification for degradation.
“…Many studies have identified bioactivity fungal polysaccharides with antitumor, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects [ 17 , 18 ]. However, there are few studies on the effects of irradiation on the structure of fungal polysaccharides [ 19 ]. Morchella spp.…”
The molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the chemical groups it contains has an important influence on its biological activity, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides may have better antioxidant activity. Polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies of Morchella sextelata (MSP) were treated by gamma-irradiation at 10, 100 and 1000 kGy doses, and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of irradiated MSP were investigated. Microscopic observation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that breakage and pores appeared on the surface of the irradiated polysaccharide. As the irradiation dose increased, the average molecular weight of MSP decreased significantly, while the particle size and thermal stability of MSP first increased at 10 and 100 kGy doses and then decreased at 1000 kGy doses. The antioxidant activities, measured by free radical scavenging tests and protective effect on PC12 cells injured by H2O2, were all increased after irradiation, especially when the concentration of MSP was low (50 and 100 μg/mL). Therefore, irradiation treatment was an effective method to enhance the activity of polysaccharides.
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