Improved graft patency associated with altered platelet function induced by marine fatty acids in dogs

Casali, Robert E.; Hale, Janet A.; LeNarz, LeRoy; Faas, Fred H.; Morris, Manford D.

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(86)90138-1

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Reiner et al reported a reduction of aortic atherosclerosis in mice with saturated fat diet supplemented with n-3 PUFA, and attributed it to the modulation of the expression and secretion of several macrophage effector molecules [7]. Other studies confirmed the reduction of atherogenesis in rodents and dog models of hypercholesterolemia or vascular injury subjected to fish oil rich diet, and highlighted the positive modulation of platelet function as a possible mechanism of action of n-3 PUFA [8][9][10][11].…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

Omega‐3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Arrhythmias

Pepe

Recchia

2010

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Omega‐3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Arrhythmias

Pepe

Recchia

2010

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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“…[1][2][3] The supplementation of horses with dietary flaxseed oil has been shown to decrease the response of leukocytes to inflammation, [4][5][6] and in other species, this supplementation has a variable effect on decreasing platelet aggregation. [7][8][9] However, healthy animals whose diets have been supplemented with n-3 fatty acids may not show obvious differences in platelet aggregability 10 or in leukocyte responses to inflammation compared to healthy animals on a typical diet that is low in n-3 fatty acids or compared to those that show clinical signs of endotoxemia or disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Equine Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations and Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation

Hansen

Savage

Reidlinger

et al. 2002

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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An 18‐week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of an omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid‐enriched ration on plasma fatty acid concentrations and platelet aggregation in healthy horses. Flaxseed oil served as the source of the n‐3 fatty acid alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA). Twelve horses were fed dietary maintenance requirements using a complete pelleted ration (80%) and timothy grass hay (20%) for a 2‐week acclimation period before being randomly assigned either to a treatment (group 1) or control (group 2) group. Group 2 horses (n = 6) were fed the diet described in the acclimation period, whereas group 1 horses (n = 6) were fed a 10% flaxseed oil‐enriched complete pellet (80%) and grass hay (20%). Biological samples and physical measurements were collected at one point during the acclimation period (week 0) and every 4 weeks thereafter (weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16). Body weight, CBC (including platelet count), plasma fibrinogen, electrolyte (Na, K, and Cl) concentrations, and biochemical profile enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase) did not change markedly with diet. Platelet aggregation was not altered by the supplementation of flaxseed oil in these healthy horses, although increases in plasma cis‐polyunsaturated 18‐carbon fatty acids C18:3; n‐3 (ALA) and C18:2; n‐6 (linoleic acid), biologically active C20:5; n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evident. There were no marked decreases in C20:4; n‐6 (arachidonic acid [AA]) or increases in C22:6; n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), signifying that flaxseed oil may have had a high percentage of omega‐6 (n‐6) fatty acids as well as n‐3 fatty acids, and this relatively high n‐6: n‐3 fatty acid ratio may have affected the biochemical effect of n‐3 fatty acids. In healthy horses supplemented with flaxseed oil, platelet aggregation was not altered, which may have been due to the limited biologic effect in healthy subjects or the inability of flaxseed oil to induce the necessary biochemical effect of replacing n‐6 fatty acids with n‐3 types.

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“…After 3 months graft intimal proliferation of the control group is markedly higher (125 ~m [80] and 143 ~Lm [78]) and the effect of fish oil somewhat greater (54% decrease [80] and 46% decrease [78]). In the study by Casali et al [81] no data on intimal thickening are presented, but the authors state that there was a significant reduction (p < 0.04) in the fish oil treated normocholesterolemic animals. In this study the dose of n-3 fatty acids can not be calculated as the dogs are fed mackerel fish supplemented with menhaden oil.…”

Section: Animal Studies With Accelerated Graft-arteriosclerosismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Table 5 lists the studies exploring the effects of fish oil on allo-or autografted veins and arteries. The studies on arterialized venous [78][79][80] or synthetic [81] grafts are uniform in their outcome: fish oil reduces the extent of accelerated graft intimal proliferation, while not reducing the hypercholesteremia. All studies used dogs, added the fish oil as a supplement to the diet and measure intireal thickness of the graft or used a histologic grading system for intimal thickness, but only the dose of fish oil and the duration of the study varied.…”

Section: Animal Studies With Accelerated Graft-arteriosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis

Sassen

Lamers

Verdouw

1994

Cardiovasc Drug Ther

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Summary. Epidemiological studies in the seventies have put forward that dietary rather than genetic factors are responsible for the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in Greenland Inuit and have generated a large body of both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, exploring the putative favorable effects of fish (oil) on atherogenesis and its risk factors. The first part of this report reviews the in vivo animal studies, concentrating on the hypercholesterolemic models and the arterialized vein graft model. In the hypercholesterolemic animal studies, the results are inconclusive as the studies reporting a protective effect are matched by the number of studies showing no effect or an adverse effect. The diversity in species, dose of fish oil, duration of study, type of vessel studied and type of fish oil preparation (content of n-3 fatty acids, unesterified n-3 fatty acids, ethylesters or triglyceridcs) could all contribute. Furthermore, the definitions and criteria used in the literature to evaluate atherogenesis are diverse and it appears that while one parameter is affected, another is not necessarily modified in the same direction, stressing the importance of extending the analysis of the effects on atherogenesis to more than one parameter. We also believe that it is time to reach a consensus as to which animal model mimicks most closely a particular human situation. Only in appropriate models, investigating more than one atherosclerosis variable, can the effects of a putative anti-atherogenic drug or diet be verified. In the veno-arterial autograft model, mimicking the patient after coronary bypass grafting, dietary fish oil has been consistently effective in preventing accelerated graft intima proliferation. It could therefore be of interest to evaluate the effects of fish oil on graft patency in patients after coronary bypass surgery after a period of years.The results from studies on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are also reviewed and it is concluded that the two large scale trials, that are currently underway, might reliably answer the question whether fish oil is effective as a non-pharmacological adjuvants in the prevention of restenosis.Lastly, the studies on the effects of fish oil on the regression of experimental atherosclerosis are reviewed. In view of the small number of studies (i.e., four) investigating the effects of fish oil on the regression of atherosclerosis, it is premature to draw any conclusion, and therefore further experimental work is required.

show abstract

Improved graft patency associated with altered platelet function induced by marine fatty acids in dogs

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Omega‐3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Arrhythmias

Omega‐3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Arrhythmias

Effects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Equine Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations and Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation

Fish oil and the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis

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